I 



ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 447 



by Berge,* aud later by H. Landois,! and others, to a piece of paper, 

 aud the impression on collodion then taken from these inverted scales. 

 The process of transferring the scales to paper or other surfaces, first 

 used to get prettily coloured figures of butterflies, consists, leaving out 

 details, in gumming the wing of a butterfly upon paper with gum 

 arabic or glue, and after thorough drying, removing the wing, leaving 

 the scales attached to the paper. Prom such ' butterfly pictures ' 

 impressions of the under surface of the scales can be readily taken. 



" By rubbing anilin colours into impressions of the stride of the 

 scales of insects, I hope later to gain further knowledge of the 

 external configuration of insect scales." 



Change of Sarcopsylla penetrans through Parasitism.^ — M. W. 

 Schimkewitsch finds that the females of this animal undergo certain 

 changes when they adopt the parasitic life ; the abdomen enlarges and 

 the external stigmata as well as the segmentation disappear ; into a 

 cloacal invagination open rectum, sexual organs, and a few stigmata ; 

 this " cloaca " is formed by an invagination of the posterior abdominal 

 segments ; the musculi abdominis laterales olbliqni connected with the 

 respiratory process disappear and only the dorsal and ventral longi- 

 tudinal muscles remain ; there are also changes in the alimentary 

 tract. 



New genus of Sarcopsyllidge.§ — M. W. Schimkewitsch also de- 

 scribes a new genus and species of tlie family Sarcopsyllidfe, Vermipsylla 

 Alakurt, found on cattle in Turkestan, producing great debilitation, or 

 even death, and observed in the greatest abundance during severe frosts. 

 Originally it is nearly black, but when distended it becomes white with 

 variegated bands. 



Embryology of Botys hyalinalis.|| — Dr. J. A. Osborne describes 

 the development of Botys hyalinalis, pointing out more especially that 

 the head of the embryo normally occupies the loiver pole of the egg 

 and that the loop form of the embryo is due to a movement of growth, 

 not to change of its position in the egg. The earliest and latest stages 

 were unfortunately not observed. 



Developmental History and Morphological Value of the Ova of 

 Nepa cinerea and Notonecta glauca.H — The most important results 

 of Dr. L. Wills's studies are that the nuclei of the follicular epithelium 

 are provided by the ooblast, the rest of which passes into the definite 

 germinal vesicle ; the ova which, as in many groups of animals, are 

 without any follicular epithelium, are homologous with the egg plus the 

 follicular epithelium of higher animals. The ovum of the Hemiptera 



* Berge, T., ' Taschenbuch fur Kafer- und Schmetterlingssammler,' Stuttgart, 

 1847, pp. 55-62. 



t Landois, H., "Neue Methods Schnaetterlinge zu copiren," Zeitschr. f. Wiss. 

 Zool., xvi. (1866) pp. 133-4. 



X Zool. Anzeig., vii. (1884) pp. 673-6. 



I Ibid., viii. (1885) pp. 75-8. Cf. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., sv. (1S85) 

 pp. 270-3. 



II Sfi.-Gossip, 1885, pp. 32-6 (10 figs.). 

 t Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Zool., xli. (1885) pp. 311-64 (3 pis.). 



