BAIN.] HISTORY OF DEVF.LOPMENT. 13 



souri operators, Messrs. Valle, Anson, and others, and in recent 

 years with the ownership in h)cal and eastern hands. 



Shipments of fluorspar began apparently in the early seventies, and 

 since 1880 ]iave been regularly reported. In 1891, when the district 

 was visited by Mr. S. F. Emmons, large bodies of spar had been devel- 

 oped, though, as seems to have been usually true since the beginning 

 of mining in this region, only one or two mines were actually shipping. 



Zinc was early noted " in the district and from time to time small 

 trial shipments were made. With the rise in the price of zinc in 

 1809, a period of active prospecting for zinc ore began. The discov- 

 ery of the Old Jim mine in Kentucky stimidated the search and the 

 whole district was gone over with considerable care by local pros- 

 pectors. Very few important deposits of zinc ore were found, but 

 the size and purity of the fluorspar deposits became for the first time 

 adequately appreciated. There has since been an active and intelli- 

 gent campaign to widen the market for spar and to increase its pro- 

 duction. Incidentally some lead and zinc is being found and mined, 

 though so far no important bodies of either have been developed in 

 the Illinois portion of the district. 



PltEVIOUS GEOLOGIC WORK. 



The Kentucky-Illinois district has been visited l)v but few geolo- 

 gists. The official reports of the States include brief reports '' upon 

 the district. Aside from these the most important paper is one by 

 Mr. S. F. Emmons,'" which was based upon a brief visit to the Rosi- 

 clare mines made in 1891. Mr. J. S. Diller '^ has published a descrip- 

 tion, with analysis, of the mica-peridotite forming the Flannery dike 

 m Kentucky, based upon specimens collected by Mr. E. O. Ulrich. 

 Brief notes upon the mining industry haA^e been published by Mr. W. 

 E. Burk,<^ and a description of the Old Jim mine has been given in 

 the Engineering and Mining Journal.^ Short notes on develop- 

 ment of the district have been given in connection with the statistics 

 of production annually published by the United States Geological 

 Survey in the Mineral Resources, and notes on the fluorite as a min- 

 eral have appeared in other parts of these volumes. 



" Owen, D. D., op. cit., p. 87. 



" Kentucky : Owen. D. D., Geol. Survey Kentucky, vol. 1, pp. 87-88. Norwood, C. .!., 

 Geol. Survey Kentucky, new ser.. vol. 1, 1870, pp. 44!)-4r)?,. Ulinois : Worthen, A. II., 

 Engelmann, Henry, iind Norwood, .1. G., Geol. Ilardin County, Geol. Survey Illinois, 

 vol. 1, 1866, pp. .350-375. Engelmann, Henry, Massac and Tope counties, Geol. Survey 

 Illinois, vol. 1, 1866, pp. 428-405. 



" Fluorspar deposits of southern Illinois : Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Eng., vol. 21, 1893, 

 pp. 31-53. 



" Am. .Tour. Sci., 3d ser., vol. 44, 1892, pp. 288-289. 



^ Mineral Industry, 1901. vol. 9, pp. 292-295. 



/Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 74, 1902, pp. 413-414. 



SIUC 



SGRC 



1868 



