12 FLUORSPAR DEPOSITS OF SOUTHERN ILLINOIS. Lbdll. 235. 



indicated on the accompanying map, PI. I. In fig. 1 are indicated 

 the particular areas surveyed in detail in the preparation of this 

 report. 



HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT. 



Attention seems to have been first attracted to the Kentucky- 

 Illinois district by the occurrence of the brilliant colored fluorite. 

 In early American geologic literature there are numerous refer- 

 ences « to this fluorspar, or " fluate of lime," as it was then called. It 

 was usually noted as coming from Shawneetown, 111., since that was 

 the nearest town of any size. The galena which occurs associated 

 with the fluorite was probably noticed very early in the nineteenth 

 century, but it was not until some years after the settlement of the 

 country that any serious attempt was made to mine it. The first 

 important mining venture seems to have been that of a company 

 headed by President Andrew Jackson, which undertook dcA^elopment 

 near the site of the present Columbia mines, in Crittenden County, 

 Ky., in 1835. In Illinois the first mining was at Rosiclare in 1842. 

 Lead was mined and smelted at various points in the district previous 

 to the civil war, though it seems never to have been remunerative in a 

 large way. Various observers speak of the mining as having been 

 stopped, or as being carried on in onh^ a small way from 1851 * to 

 1876.'' As late, however, as 1884 comjjetent observers considered 

 some at least of the properties worthy of development for lead alone,** 

 and there is even now a small output of lead. 



In Illinois fluorspar seems to have been first discovered in place in 

 1839, when it was encountered with galena in sinking a well on the 

 Anderson farm, now the property of the Fairview Fluorspar Com- 

 pany. In 1841 a second well not far from the first also encountered 

 the lode, but no attempt seems to have ever been made to exploit 

 either of these finds. In 1842 Mr. William Pell discovered spar and 

 galena somewhere near the site of the present Rosiclare mine, and 

 Marshall and AVliite undertook its development. From that time on 

 mining appears to have been carried on more or less continuously in 

 this vicinity, at first under the direction of certain well-known Mis- 



° Am. Jour. Sci., 1st ser., vol. 1, 1818, pp. 52-53 ; vol. 2. 1820, p. 176 ; vol. 3, 1821, p. 

 243. Sclioolcraft, H. R., A View of the Lead Mines of Missouri, 1819, p. 191. Cleave- 

 land, Parker, Mineralogy. 1822. p. 202. Brush, J. G., Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 14, 

 1852. p. 112. 



"Norwood, J. G., Geol. Survey Illinois, vol. 1, 1866, p. 367. Owen, D. D.. Geol. Sur- 

 vey Kentucky, vol. 1, 1856, p. 87. Whitney, J. D., Rept. Geol. Survey upper Mississippi 

 lead region, 1862, p. 205. 



'■ Norwood, C. J.. Geol. Survey Kentucky, vol. 1, new ser., 1876, p. 493. 



■^ Eilers, Anton, and Raymond, R. W.. Manuscript report on the property of the Mineral 

 City Mining and Smelting Company, Hardin County. 111. 



