1903.] THE MUSCLES OF THE U^fGULATA. 273 



family. In the Ohevrotain, Kinhei-g (X.) says that it is inseited 

 into the trochanteric fossa, but the origin is the same as in the 

 Suidpe. Among the Cervidse we have records of it in Cervus {2Q), 

 Cariacus (28), and Alces (30), and in these it passes to the middle 

 third of the femm\ Of the Giraffidae we have no definite records. 

 Among the Bovidse it seems to be variable. In the Ox, Chauveau 

 (II.) notices that it is in two bundles, and so it is in the College 

 of Surgeons' specimen (39) ; Lesbres (V.) saj^s that this is true for 

 all ruminants, and we are not surprised to meet with this descrip- 

 tion since we have found it double in other orders of mammals ; 

 still in our specimens of Sheep (46, 47, 49), Duiker-bok (54), and 

 Harnessed Antelope (55) we looked in vain for a division. In 

 these three animals the origin was instrvictive : in the Sheep (46) 

 it I'ose from the whole of the ilio-pectineal line and was inserted 

 into the upper two- thirds of the femur ; in the Fat-tailed Sheep 

 (47) and Duiker-bok (54) it rose only from the angle of the pubis 

 and went to the upper half of the femur ; while in the Harnessed 

 Antelope (55) it rose from the outer end of the ilio-pectineal line 

 close to the psoas and was inserted into the femur just below the 

 lesser trochanter. In the Tapix'idae (61, 62) the origin is from the 

 pelvic brim as usual, but the insertion is very high up behind the 

 lesser trochanter or even, according to Murie, into the trochanteric 

 fossa. In the Equidse (63, 65, 67) the muscle is well marked and 

 rises either from the ligamentum teres, which in this animal comes 

 out of the cotyloid notch and runs forward to the hypogastric 

 region, or splits to allow that ligament to pass through its origin ; 

 it is inserted into the middle third of the femur. In the Rhino- 

 ceros (71) it is inserted into the junction of the middle and lower 

 thirds of the femur by a rounded tendon. Among the Subungu- 

 lata, in the Hyrax (see text-fig. 26, p. 274) (74, 75, 78) and 

 Elephant (81, 84) it has the usual origin fi^om the anterior ramus 

 of the pubis, while the insertion is into the middle third of the 

 femur. 



The nerve-supply may, as in Man, be anterior crural, obturator, 

 or both. In the Duiker-bok, Sheep, and Hyrax it was supplied 

 by the obturator alone, in the Harnessed Antelope by the anterior 

 ci'ural alone, while in the Peccary it received twigs from both 

 nerves. 



Adductor mass. — Many of the dissectors of Ungulates in the 

 past have, we believe, been stimulated by their knowledge of 

 human anatomy to artificially divide up this mass in an unnecessary 

 manner. In the animals which we have dissected we have noticed 

 that the nerve to the gracilis from the obturator forms a convenient 

 indication of the interval between the adductor longus and the 

 rest of the mass. When this interval is clearly marked an ad- 

 ductor longus may fairly be described, but unless this is the case 

 there seems to us little object in separating one part of the mass 

 from the rest. Among the Ai^tiodactyla there seems more difficulty 

 in distinguishing an axlductor longus from the rest of the mass 

 than there is in the Perissodactyla or Subungulata, though it is 



Proc. Zool. See— 1903, Yol. II. No. XYIII. 18 



