284 MESSRS. E. C. A. WINDLE AND F. G. PAESOXS OX [Nov. 3, 



flexores breves dislocated into plantar and dorsal intei'ossei as in 

 Man. The other authorities on the Elephant give us little help, 

 and we must reserve the question for future investigation. 



Muscles of the Trunk. 



Serrati dor sales. — The anterior and posterior _ muscles can 

 usually, though not always, be distinguished, and it is probably 

 owing to the great difficulty in deciding how much was anterior 

 and how much posterior that the great discrepancies in different 

 authors' accounts have occurred. The origins of the two muscles 

 are from the thoracic and anterior lumbar spines. The following 

 are some of the recorded insertions of the anterior muscle :— 



Hippopotamus (1) 3 ribs. 



Pig (4) 3-8 „ 



Chevrotain (20) 2-9 „ 



(22) 3^12 „ 



Ox (35) 5-9 „ 



Sheep (42) 5-9 „ 



Antelope (55) 4-7 „ 



Horse (63, 65) 5-14 „ 



Hvrax (74, 75,78) 4-20 „ 



Elephant (84) 5-8 



The following are those of the posterior muscle : — 



Hippopotamus (1) 4-15 ribs. 



Pig(4) 8-14 „ 



Chevrotain (20) 9-12 „ 



Ox(35) 10-13 „ 



Sheep (42) 10-13 „ 



Antelope (55) 10-13 „ 



Elephant (84) 9-22 „ 



In the Chevrotain (22) and Hyrax (74, 75, 78) the muscle 

 formed one single sheet and it was impossible to distinguish 

 anterior and posterior parts. 



The nerve-supply is from the posterior primary divisions of the 

 thoracic nerves. 



Splenius capitis. — This muscle varies a good deal in different 

 animals ; it rises from several of the anterior thoracic spines, 

 but never seems to reach farther back than the 6th. In the 

 Giraffe it is entirely absent according to Murie (XXXII. ), while 

 in the Camel (15, 18) it is so small as easily to escape notice. In 

 the Ox (36) and Sheep (44) it is also very small. In the Hippo- 

 potamus (1) and Pig (4) it is fairly well marked, and in the 

 latter animal Lesbres (Y.) found it divided into two portions, 

 one being inserted into the occipital crest, the other into the 

 mastoid portion of the temporal. In the Elephant, Miall and 

 Greenwood describe it (XXIX.) as bilaminar, while in the Horse 

 (63, 65) and Hyrax (74, 75) it is well developed. 



Splenius colli. — In the Artiodactyla this muscle, when present, 



