292 MESSRS. B. 0. A. WIXDLE AND F. O. PARSONS OX [Nov. 3, 



16. Almost constant absence of peroneus brevis. 



17. Absence of accessorius pedis. 



18. Constant presence of trachelo-mastoid. 



19. Absence of pyramidalis. 



We will next consider whether the division of Subungulata 

 (comprising the Hyrax and Elephant) has any special points dis- 

 tinguishing it from the Ungulata vei-a. 



Myological Characteristics of Suhimgidata. 



1. Semimembranosus and presemimembranosus have ischial and 



caudal heads, but these are also found in the Perissodactyla. 



2. Sartorius always absent in Hyrax and often in Elephant. 



3. Tibialis anticus has no femoral origin. 



4. Lumbricales are fairly well developed, bvit so they are in the 



Tapir. 



5. Abdomino-humeralis well developed. 



6. Palmaris longus present. 



7. Flexor brevis digitoi-um man us present. 



It will be seen, therefore, that there are not many points 

 common to the Hyrax and Elephant, but nos. 3 and 7 are 

 certainly significant so fai' as they go. 



Between the Artio- and Perissodactyla there are a good many 

 rather striking points of difference. 



Myological Characteristics of the Artiodactyla. 



1. Ectogluteus is inserted into the fascia of the thigh. 



2. Obturator internus rises outside the pelvis. 



3. Obturator tertius (so-called) is present. 



4. Semi- and presemimembranosus have only an ischial head. 



5. Semitendinosus has usually only an ischial head. 



6. Lumbricales are absent except in the Hippopotamus. 



7. Splenius colli is feeble or absent. 



Myological Characteristics of the Perissodactyla, 



1. Ectogluteus is inserted into the third trochanter. 



2. Obturator internus rises inside the pelvis. 



3. Obtviratoi- tei-tius absent. 



4. Semi- and presemimembranosus have ischial and caudal heads. 



5. Semitendinosus has ischial and caudal heads. 



6. Lumbricales usually present. 



7. Splenius colli strongly developed. 



Speaking, therefore, from a myological point of view, there is 

 good reason for dividing the Ungulata vera into two sharply 

 defined groups, but there is little reason for placing the Hyrax 

 and Elephant together in a separate division, for, excepting the 

 absence of the femoj-al origin of the tibialis anticus and the 



