26 OUTLINE OF PLANT STUDY. 



Leaves. — As in first year, with some study, in the spring, of the work 

 of leaves for the plant (to guide water to the roots, throw out water, 

 breathe, and make, from air and water, food for the plant), and of the way 

 in which the leaves are fitted for this work. Study parts of leaf and the 

 ■work of each. 



Floicers. — Two (one a composite) in fall and two in late spring, to show 

 Avork of parts (calyx, corolla, and pistil; leave work of stamens and pollen 

 until later) and adaptation to work. 



Sjjeeial Topics. — Evergreens, as in first year, but more careful study 

 of adaptation. Two similar trees observed and compared throughout year, 

 to connect or bind together all parts of the plant study. 



THIRD YEAR. 



Special Aim. — As in lower grades, but placing more emphasis on 

 adaptation to work, as shown in the arrangement, form, and general struc- 

 ture of parts. To make pupils more careful in observation and truthful or 

 exact in expression. 



Plant as a Wliole. — Two simple plants (October) not studied before; 

 with simple description, without technical terms, of the parts, their work 

 and arrangement, form and general structure, as fitting them for their 

 work. Comparison of development from seed to maturity of two dis- 

 similar plants (Ai^i-il to June), such as bean or pea and flax or morning 

 glory. 



Seeds and Fruits. — Escape of seeds from seed-cases (October) in such 

 plants as jjlantain, evening primrose, mullein, toad-flax, morning glory, 

 chestnut, mustard, shepherd's purse. Grains and vegetables (turnips, beets, 

 carrots, etc.), their formation by the plant, their use to the plant as a food 

 store-house and preparation for winter, their use to man, all leading to 

 the Thanksgi^ang thought. Germination, in spring, of seeds more difiS.- 

 cult for children to understand, such as morning glory and four-o'clock 

 (April). 



Buds. — As in second year, ^vtth more study of order and plan, and 

 arrangement and form of parts, and with careful detailed drawings (March 

 and April). 



Leaves. — Position and arrangement on plant, parts and their uses, 

 shape and arrangement of veins, with careful drawings (May). 



Flowers. — Two in fall and two or three in spring, with comparison, 

 studying position, arrangement, shape, and uses of all parts, and bringing 

 out something of order or plan shown in the flower (May and June). Some 

 tree flowers in May — pistillate, staminate, and perfect. 



Special Topics. — Evergreens (December), with study of form and struc- 

 ture of parts and distinctive characteristics of the common families, such 

 as pine, hemlock, and spruce. Two dissimilar trees, such as a deciduous 

 tree and an evergreen, observed and compared throughout year. 



