34 OUTLINE OF ANIMAL STUDY. 



and December broaden ideas of pupils by reading about related animals. 

 Give meaning of all names used. Use common names whenever possible. 



VERMES 



(October and November). 



Worms. — Begin with earthworm as type. Keep in earth in boxes in 

 school-room, and investigate habits. Tell about development from egg. 

 Study out of doors castings and burrows. Read (see Darwin's Vegetable 

 Mould and Earthworms) about its relation to man. Study carefully its 

 structure, form, ends, segments, legs, and the adaptation of structure to 

 function; also internal structure, so far as visible externally, such as blood 

 vessels, circulation and alimentary canal. Compare with other worms. 

 Distinctive characteristics of worms. Compare with those of arthropoda. 

 Characteristics of articulates. 



SIXTH YEAR. 

 Special Work. — Mollusks, Radiates, Birds. 



MOLLUSKS 



(September to November). 



Life History. — Watch development of snails from the eggs. Tell about 

 the development and growth of the clam. 



Relation to Environment. — Keep snails and, if obtainable, small clams 

 in the school-room, and investigate their movements and habits. Encour- 

 age and lead pupils to watch snails (water and land), slugs, and clams out 

 of doors and to report on their habits. Touch on fossil shells and their 

 story. 



Relation to Man. — Use for food in different parts of the world. 



Structure and Comiiarison. — Study, draw, and describe carefully the 

 structure of the snail. Compare different kinds of snails. Study the 

 general structure of the clam; it is too difficult for detailed study. Com- 

 pare with oyster, if possible. Compare with snail. 



Classification and Related Forms.— The cZ^sf^?^ci^^'e characteristics of the 

 three most common classes of mollusks — snails (univalves — gastropoda), 

 clams (bivalves — lamellibranchiata), and squids (cephalopoda). Points in 

 which all are alike — that is, characteristics of mollusks. As opportunity 

 comes, during the winter, pupils should read about the sea snails and clams, 

 the devil-fish and other mollusks, to broaden their ideas. Give meaning 

 of all names. 



RADIATES 



(November and December). 



Corals, Starfish, and Sea Urchins. — Read and talk about their occur- 

 rence and habits, and the formation of coral reefs. Study, from pictures 

 and specimens, their general structure (of living animals and of their skel- 

 etons). Emphasize the distinctive characteristics of each, the points in 

 which corals are unlike the others, and the points in which all are alike 

 (general plan), from which they get the name radiates. 



