MINERALS, ROCKS, AND GEOLOGY. 39 



Granite and Crystalliiie Eocks. — Their constituents (properties, varie- 

 ties, and uses of each) and the story of their formation, by heat (January 



Formation of Soil and Work of Water. — Studied in field. Study a 

 brook and its basin (October, or April and May). 



Field Lessons. — Collection of fossils, minerals, and rocks of vicinity 

 (September to November). Formation of soil and work of water (October 

 and NoA'ember). 



FIFTH YEAR. 



Common Minerals. — Their occurrence, formation, properties (empha- 

 sizing distinctive properties), varieties, manufacture, and uses. Calcite, 

 or limestone, and quartz, feldspar, hornblende, and mica are supposed to 

 have been studied during third and fourth years. If not, begin with these, 

 the most abundant minerals. Other minerals suggested are: Graphite, 

 sulphur, pyrite (iron pyrites), chalcopyrite (copper pyrites), galenite (lead 

 ore), gypsum, talc (soapstone), halite (common salt), hematite and limon- 

 ite (iron ores). Additional important, but less common, minerals are : 

 Sphalerite (zinc ore), barite, magnetite (magnetic iron ore), cuprite (cop- 

 per ore), serpentine, and chlorite. The ores, particularly those of iron, 

 their occurrence, mining, manufacture, and uses, will be studied in detail 

 during the seventh year (November and December). 



SIXTH YEAR. 



Coal. — ^An intejisive study of coal, beginning with the study of peat 

 and, if possible, of a peat bog, as a preparation for the investigation of the 

 formation of coal, taking up the place and manner of occurrence, particu- 

 larly in United States, its properties and varieties, the process of mining 

 and preparing for market, the transportation (methods and routes), and 

 the uses and great commercial importance of coal. The coal should thus 

 become a center for a study of commerce (November and December). 



Earth-making Forces. — Water, air, and ice, and their work as geo- 

 graphical agents in forming soil and sculpturing the surface of the earth. 

 Field lessons during October and November and March to May. 



SEVENTH YEAR. 



Iron Ores and Iron. — An intensive study. The occurrence, formation, 

 properties, varieties, mining and reduction and transportation of iron 

 ores ; the manufacture, properties, varieties, and uses of iron ; the process 

 of manufacture of rails, stoves, and other materials made of iron ; the eco- 

 nomic importance of iron, and relation between the progress of a country 

 and its stores of coal and iron. Iron thus becomes a center for the study 

 of the industrial development of the country. If there is time, copper, 

 lead, and zinc can also be studied (November and December). 



Note. — The work in minerals ends with the seventh year, all the win- 

 ter months in years eight and nine being devoted to physics and chemistry. 



