NA'ITRI". AXl) OKICIX OF -IHI", SOU,. Q 



(HitLT surfaci- is softer than tlic interior. In other p'aces the rock 

 is just unclfr the surface. In some places we have to go very deej) 

 to find the rock, but it is always there to be found if v>'e only go 

 dee]:! enough. All of our sand and clay have come from these old 

 rocks, sand from one kind of rock, white clay from another kind of 

 rock, blue clay from another. The nature of the soil '.vill therefore 

 depend largely upon the nature of the rock from which it came. 

 'I'his sand or clav mav have come from the breaking up of the 

 rocks that are found just under the soil: in that case the soil is 

 likelv to be shallow. But usually it has come from rocks at a dis- 

 tance, a long distance it may l:)c. and has been carried to its pre- 

 sent place bv water and ice. and spread out over th.e old rocks. 



Fi 



Soil formed from a rock at a distance. ■' is solid reck cf a hiil cr mountain. Rock at < 

 has been broken off by rain ard frost and thrown down to foot of hill. Finest soil is being 

 Washed into stream to be carried away to build farms elsewhere. 



In this latter case the soil mav be very deep and mixed. v>-e can 

 nov>' explain whv the soil in some places is quite different in its na- 

 ture from the rocks under it. and why there is such a variety in the 

 the same locality and on the same farm. One field may be clayey, 

 and across a stream we may find a sandy soil. They have come 

 from different places, and have been washed down by the water and 

 spread out at different times. 



A ste:) farther back can now be taken. We go to the hills, to 



