24 



rounded greenish gland on the middle of the back. Frnit a 

 curious cone, usually rather small, seldom more than I/2 inch 

 in diameter, with the scales opening on the inside and several 

 minute winged seeds under each scale. Color of cone dull 

 brownish purple. Called also cedar. 



The white cedar is generally found along the eastern coast 

 of the United States, although inland it occasionally occurs 

 in deep swamps, where it often forms the principal tree 

 growth. It is sometimes confused with the arbor vitse, largely 

 because the latter is also called white cedar. It is easily dis- 

 tinguished from the arbor vitse by its curious brownish purple, 

 more or less globular cones. The trees sometimes reach a 

 height of 50 feet, and the wood is famous for its durable 

 quality. Logs have been taken out of peat bogs and found 

 to be in good condition to work into Imuber. 



Bed Spruce (Picea riibens). — Leaves rather short, gen- 

 erally less than ^ inch long, obtusely pointed, dark green, 

 with longitudinal rows of white dots showing through a lens. 

 Surface of last season's twigs deep brownish red, with the 

 distinct steriginata which make up this surface covered quite 

 densely with stout, prominent, brownish or blackish hairs, 

 and with the projections that serve as the bases of the leaves 

 unusually prominent. Bark of earlier years' growth darker, 

 especially on the sides most exposed to the weather. Buds 

 rather prominent, reddish brown or brownish red in color, 

 darker at the obtusely pointed apex. Surface of buds hairy. 

 Cones deep reddish brown in color, quite regular in size and 

 shape, when fully opened averaging ll/o inches long by 1 inch 

 wide. Scales with the margin slightly irregular, giving a 

 suggestion of short, obscure teeth. Seed with its wing H 

 inch long, the wing at its broadest part being half that width. 

 General outline broadly triangular, with the light grayish 

 brov^m wing terminal on the dark brown seed. 



White Spruce {Picea Canadensis). — Bark of season's 

 shoots light brown, with bases of leaves of a slightly reddish 

 brown tinge ; bark of older branches very much darker. Buds 

 subconical ; scales reddish brown, imbricated. Leaves bluish 

 green, a little lighter when seen from below ; those on the 

 under part of the twig twisted around so as to give the upper 



