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The white spruce is one of the most beautiful of our native 

 evergreens, forming a tall pyramidal tree, with the branches 

 extending from the ground. The cones drop off soon after 

 fruiting, so that they may be found beneath the tree at any 

 time. The blossoms appear during April and May. 



Red Cedar (Juniperus Virginiana) . — The twigs of this 

 common evergreen are especially interesting because of their 

 two forms of leaves. In one form the leaves are small and 

 scale-like, arranged in opposite pairs which alternate with 

 each other, each leaf being acutely pointed and subtriangular 

 in its shape. The other form*of leaf is long and slenderly 

 lanceolate or needle-shaped, with a very sharp point. This 

 second form of leaf seems in general to be present upon the 

 twigs and branches which have grown rapidly. The bark of 

 the older parts of the branch is reddish brown and shining. 

 The fruit is a bluish, berry -like object, the size, of a pea, in 

 which the thickened outer scales have grovni together to 

 enclose the three or four angular seeds. Called also savin. 



The red cedar is an interesting and characteristic tree, 

 scattered over almost the whole of eastern jSTorth America. 

 It varies greatly, but in its typical form it has a characteristic 

 columnar appearance which is very attractive. The berries 

 form a large part of the winter food of many birds, so much 

 so in the case of the cedar bird as to give that species its com- 

 mon name. The tree belongs to the genus Juniperus and is 

 sometimes called the red juniper. 



American Yew or Ground Hemlock {Taxus baccata). — 

 General appearance of the leafy branches flattened in a way 

 suggestive of the hemlock, the leaves, however, being much 

 larger and more robust, and the color very much more of a 

 yellow green. Average length of leaves l/o inch to % inch; 

 width, yi2 inch. Each leaf narrowed at the base into a short 

 petiole and sharply pointed with a mucronate apex ; longitud- 

 inally convex above and concave below. Midrib projecting 

 on both surfaces, more prominent on upper. Shining yellow 

 green on the upper surface, less shining and lighter on lower 

 surface. Bark of young twigs shining greenish brown; of 

 older twigs reddish brown. Buds small, with rather thick 

 imbricated scales. Each scale brownish green, with a whitish 

 longitudinal stripe along the middle and sometimes upon the 



