88 GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES. 
connected with the core of the Crazy Mountains. When this sheet of 
igneous material was forced in between the beds they were in all 
probability deep in the earth, but the cutting of the streams has 
revealed the igneous rock, and owing to its superior hardness it stands 
up almost like a mountain. 
West of milepost 105 a glimpse can be obtained on the right, ahead, 
of the highest part of the Bridger Range, which, though small, has a 
very sharp crest and which separates the valley of the Yellowstone 
from the headwaters of Missouri River on the west. The structure 
and character of this range are illustrated by figure 17 (p. 98). 
_ At Mission station a branch leaves the main line and after crossing 
Yellowstone River follows up Shields River, so named by Capt. Clark 
for a member of his party. This valley has the reputation of pro- 
ducing some of the finest oats grown in the State. 
Just before the train enters Livingston it crosses Yellowstone River 
for the last time on the main line. Here the Yellowstone is a clear, 
rushing mountain stream, very different from the turbid river farther 
east. The traveler now comes face to face with the great mountain 
wall that forms the north front of the Absarokas and can look up at 
the commanding heights, which tower nearly a mile above him and 
which during much of the year are covered with snow. 
Livingston, originally called Clarks City, was named in honor of 
Charles Livingston, of New York, one of the directors of the Northern 
Pacific Railway. The main line of the road was fin- 
Livingston. ished to this place on January 15, 1883, and the 
Elevation 4,510 feet. branch line to Yellowstone Park, which now carries 
Population 5,359. : . y 
St. Paul 1,008 mites, 2any thousands of tourists annually, began operation 
| in August of the same year. Livingston is a division 
terminal and essentially a railway town. 
[The description of the route west of Livingston begins on page 94.] 
LIVINGSTON TO GARDINER (YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK). 
The train for Yellowstone Park, on leaving Livingston, turns to 
the left (south) and heads directly for the mountains, through a wide 
bottom which, though composed largely of gravel brought down by 
the river, is mostly under a high state of cultivation. For some dis- | 
tance the rocks are not well exposed, as the railway is built on alluvial 
material (material laid down by running water) and the rocks can be 
seen only in the cut edge of a low terrace on the right (west). The 
formations are upturned against the mountains at an angle of about 
20°, and as the railway runs at right angles to their upturned edges 
the train passes them in quick succession, 
