96 GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES. 
the mountain on the south, and the remains of old mines can be 
seen on both sides of the track as far as Chestnut. The coal is of 
good quality, but on account of the heavy percentage 
Chestnut. of ash and the expense of mining, all of these opera- 
Elevation 5,270 feet. tions have ceased. Just east of Chestnut, however, 
at otiaeen, a branch line turns to the left up Meadow Creek 
and goes southeastward across the summit to the 
Trail Creek field, in which mining is still carried on. = 
About a mile beyond Chestnut the railway cuts through the point 
of a closely folded anticline in which the Madison limestone forms 
the core, as shown in figure 16. (See Pl. XV,p. 91.) The exposures 
are not good enough for the traveler to see all the formations that 
are involved in the fold, but after passing some coal beds he may 
see sandstone with red shale (Kootenai, Lower Cretaceous), and then 
on his right hand a broad band of the same red shale as that which 
produces the Devil’s Slide at Electric. These rocks are standing 
vertical. Next comes the Madison limestone (Carboniferous), which 
is the oldest rockexposed. This 
massive limestone is dissolved 
and cut by the streams into. 
curious towers and pinnacles, 
and by the exercise of his im- 
agination the traveler may see 
resemblances to almost any 
form he desires. West of this 
maze of sculptured towers and 
FIGURE 16.—Vertical fold in Madison limestone west of crags the rocks that were seen 
ee on the east side of the fold are 
crossed in reverse order. This fold, although small in comparison 
with those that make up the mountains, may give the traveler some 
idea of the great forces which have crumpled the rocky crust of the 
earth like paper. No formation is massive enough to resist them. 
At milepost 136 the train emerges from the narrow defile of Rocky 
Canyon and the traveler obtains his first view of the Gallatin Valley. 
On the left between mileposts 137 and 138 are a few old buildings that — 
once constituted a part of Fort Ellis, an important military post 
during the Indian wars. This post was established by order of Gen. 
Terry in 1867 and abandoned in 1887. A little 
Bozeman, farther on the train arrives at Bozeman, one of the 
— re ae oldest and most prosperous agricultural towns in the 
St. Paul 1,033 miles, tate. Here in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, 
surrounded on all sides and protected by high ranges, 
is the Gallatin Valley, which is widely known on account of the fine 
farms it contains and the excellent and diversified crops it produces. 
The Montana State Agricultural Colleg , Situated at Bozeman, has 
