THE NORTHERN PACIFIC ROUTE. 181 
West of Clealum the railway follows the north bank of the river 
under the cut bank of an extensive terrace of gravel, which is doubt- 
less the outwash from the glacier that once occupied Clealum Valley. 
The road then bends sharply to the south around a narrow point of 
the terrace that has been protected from erosion by a projecting 
boss of the Teanaway basalt. In the early days of railroading in 
the Yakima Valley this was known as Deadman’s Curve, from the 
number of fatal accidents that occurred here, but now with the use 
of block signals the danger has been removed. 
About a mile west of this curve the railway crosses Clealum River, 
which drains a large valley heading far to the north and containing 
Clealum Lake, a body of water 4 miles long and nearly a mile wide. 
At the outlet of this lake the Reclamation Service has constructed a 
low dam to raise the level of the lake and make a storage reservoir. 
It is proposed to increase the height of this dam and thus impound 
a much larger volume of water for use in the lower valley. As the 
railway rounds the next point of the terrace and crosses the river a 
corresponding point is seen on the left, as if at one time there had 
been a continuous ridge across the valley at this place. This ridge 
has many of the characteristics of a terminal moraine, including a 
steep face upstream against which the ice front may have rested, a 
hummocky surface in that part lying to the left (south) of the track, 
and bowlder clay at the bottom of the cut near the railway. These 
features, together with the flat, smooth floor of the valley above, 
indicate that at a certain stage of the glaciation of this region a large 
body of ice came down the tributary valley now occupied by Kachess 
extending from a point just a little east 
of Clealum northwestward nearly to Clea- 
lum Lake. Along the northeastern limb 
of the syncline the coal beds are well 
known, as the principal bed has been 
mined out throughout most of that area, 
but on the southwest side the rocks are 
badly covered, and although considerable 
drilling has been done the extent of the 
workable coal is somewhat problematic. 
So far only one bed, the Roslyn, 
been worked; another bed of workable 
thickness underlies the Roslyn, but its 
extent and value have never been de- 
termined. The Roslyn bed is remarkably 
in thickness and composition 
throughout the district, but the quality 
ly from Clea- 
not all clear coal but contains a number 
of partings of bony coal. Government 
analyses show that the heating value of 
the coal ranges from 11,950 to 12,980 
British thermal units. 
The Roslyn district contains some of 
the largest mines west of Mississippi 
River, and the field as a whole is the most 
productive in the State. Its output for 
the year 1913 was 1,334,155 short tons, 
or more than one-third of the coal pro- 
the Swauk is particularly noted for the 
coarseness of the gold. Large nuggets 
have been found here, one being worth 
$1, 100. Oo was discovered in this 
in 1860, and at least $2,000,000 
worth fa been produced. 
