182 GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES, 
Lake and extended down Yakima Valley to this point. Here it 
rested for a while, pushing out in front the clay and rock fragments 
that it had ground off the rocky bed over which it had moved, and 
then the water flowing from the ice carried sand and gravel and 
spread them in a somewhat irregular sheet above the till. 
Besides the moraine just described, one lies at the lower end of 
Kachess (ka-chess’) Lake and another just below Keechelus (kee’che- 
lus) Lake. These show that the glacier, after retreating several miles 
up the branching valley, came to a halt and probably readvanced a 
little, piling up the rocky material in each valley as a terminal 
moraine. Kachess Lake, the largest lake in the region, is a beautiful 
sheet of water nearly 6 miles long and a mile wide. .A wagon road 
extends to the lower end of the lake, but the upper part is still encir- 
cled by unbroken forest, which covers the inclosing mountain slopes 
to a height of 3,200 feet above the lake. The deep basin in which 
the lake lies was scoured out by the glacier that once occupied this 
valley. The outlet of the lake has been dammed by the Reclamation 
Service and the level of the water raised several feet, thereby increas- 
ing the amount of stored water available for irrigation. 
The mountain side on the left (south), which can be seen to good 
advantage in the journey up the broad valley above the moraine, 
consists of schist (the Easton schist), which is the oldest geologic 
formation that will be seen in the Cascade Mountains. Its exact 
age has not been determined, but it is supposed to be Carboniferous 
or older. It is a part of the great foundation upon which the Ter- 
tiary sediments and lavas were laid down. The rocks on the right 
(north) are the Teanaway basalt, which covers large areas east of 
the summit of the range. Near milepost 36 the sheets of lava that 
make up this formation are well exposed in the high mountain sum- 
mit just north of Silver Creek. The sheets of lava here dip away 
from the valley and they make a rugged mountain front, the steep- 
ness of which has been greatly accentuated by the scouring that the 
old glacier has done along the bottom of the slope. 
Easton, which lies at the foot of the steep climb up to the Stampede 
tunnel, is mainly a place for helper engines to wait until their services 
are needed in pushing up the grade. The broad valley 
scmumicas which the railway has been following for some distance 
sagheerd bod aga continues directly ahead to Kachess Lake, but just 
St. Paul 1,815 miles. ond Easton the road swerves to the left and 
appears to plunge directly into the hillside. From the 
bottom of the valley the reason for this change of route is not apparent, 
but from any commanding summit in the neighborhood it may be seen 
that Easton is situated at the junction of two valleys, each of which 
has a width of nearly 2 miles. The chief difference in the valleys is 
that they are not at the same level. The Kachess Valley has an alti- 
