20 LACTARIAE OF THE UNITED STATES 
close, dichotomously forking, rather narrow gills, and the thick | 
flesh. Usually the latex remains entirely white, and the flesh is | 
odorless. 
In North Carolina I found plants agreeing in all other essentials | 
with Lactaria piperata except that the latex dried a pale-yellowish, | 
and the fresh plant when wet or when rubbed had the odor of A 
crushed blackberries, and the gills were slightly less crowded. 
This can scarcely represent more than a form of the species and | 
on account of the odor, which is the distinguishing characteristic, I 
will refer to it as form fragrans. It is wo, 79, 1907, of my North 
Carolina plants. Gillet recognizes a form атаға, іп which the | 
milk becomes yellowish іп drying, but the plant is odorless. 
In Species Plantarum 1173. 1 753, Linnaeus gives as synonyms 2 
of his piperatus the following : Amanita piperata alba, Dill. Giss. | 
179; Fungus piperatus albus acris, Mich. Gen. 141; Haller, 34. n. | 
І; and Fungus albus acris, C. Bauhin 371. No mention was made 
by any of these writers of incarnate gills, Micheli describing his | 
piperatus under unicolores albi, and Haller under gills white. Since | 
the Дгфегай referred to by Linnaeus are all described as white, and | 
no mention is made of zones or tomentose covering, this character | 
of the gills seems scarcely sufficient evidence to indicate that E 
Linnaeus had in mind Agaricus piperatus var. а and В, Fl. Suec | 
441. 1755, when he described Agaricus piteratus in Fl. Suec. 375: — 
1745, and Sp. Pl. 1173. 1753. If it were shown that the Agar- 
icus piperatus L. Sp. Pl. 1173. 1753, were the same as Agaricus 
piperatus L. Fl. Suec. 441. 1755, var. a and В, then Lactaria tormi- 
nosa (Schaeff.) Pers. would be the real Zactaria piperata and Гас 
taria torminosa would be reduced to a synonym. For, according | 
to the present codes, Agaricus piperatus must be credited to Lin- 
naeus whatever the type may prove to be, so there is no ground 
for crediting Scopoli with the name, and, furthermore, Scopoli gives 
Agaricus piperatus Sp. Pl. 1 173 and Fl. Suec. 441. 1755 as syn 
onyms of his own piperatus. : 
In conclusion, it seems most probable that the forms included | 
under var. а and 3. Fl. Suec. 441. 1755, were found later by Lin- 
naeus and incorrectly referred by him to Agaricus piperatus aS ` 
described in Sp. РІ. 1173. 1753, which was undoubtedly the | 
esculent fungus piperatus of the ancient writers and the German | 
“ Pfefferling." 
Ера зуы а 
