LACTARIAE ОЕ THE UNITED STATES 27 
In the Hanmer specimen the spores vary much in size, and in 
this as well as in the Alabama specimens they run a little larger 
than noted by Cooke, although spores as small as in that also occur. 
The spores are really the final test in determining this species and 
care must be taken not to mistake for it small specimens of some 
of the other species. 
II. RusTicANAE 
Pileus without a pellicle, as in the Piperatae, and never viscid, 
though in some species somewhat moist; color always dark, 
varying from gray to brown or reddish- brown, tinted with lilac, 
while in Lactaria atroviridis the color is dark-green ; flesh compact ; 
latex usually very acrid, white and unchanging, although the 
wounds sometimes change color. 
Synopsis of species 
Pileus glabrous, at least at first. 
Gray to brown with lilac tints. 
Gills thin. . Lactaria rusticana. 
Gills thick, pileus becoming rivulose-squamulose. Lactaria ffexuosa.* 
uliginous to brownish-black. Lactaria plumbea.* 
Pileus scabrous-hairy. 
Olivaceous-green. 9. Lactaria atroviridis. 
8. Lactaria rusticana (Scop.) 
Agaricus rusticanus Scop. Fl. Carn. 2: 452. 1772. 
Agaricus pyrogalus Bull. Herb. Fr. pl. 529. f. г. 1701; Hist. 
Champ. 1: 487. 1809 
Lactarius pyrogalus Fr. Epicr. 339. 1838. 
Pileus fleshy, firm, broadly convex, then plane to somewhat 
depressed, gray to livid-gray or brownish-gray, darker in the 
center, zoned toward the margin, moist in wet weather, but not 
viscid, glabrous, 3-5-6-5 cm. broad, margin glabrous, inrolled, then 
arched in mature specimens ; gills cream to ochroleucous, rarely 
forking, distant, adnate, up to 5 mm. broad; stem paler than the 
EE silver-gray, tinted with ochroleucous, nearly equal, some- 
es tapering downwards, glabrous, smooth, compact, 3-5 cm. 
long, 6-10 or 16 mm. thick ; flesh white, compact, thick, unchang- 
ing; spores white, globose to subglobose, echinulate, greenish- 
hyaline, 6-6.5 и x 6-8 и; cystidia transparent, 16-20 и long, 5—10 и 
at the base, abruptly tapering ; latex white, unchanging, very acrid. 
Poisonous. 
Нав. : On open grassy places in woods. July to October. 
* European species, the occurrence of which in the United States is doubtful. 
