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Vol. IX, No. 1.] The Fishes, etc., of the Lake of Tiberias. 33 
[N.8.] 
A glance at these lists will show that there is a consider 
able endemic element in the fish fauna of Palestine, represented 
by no less than fourteen of the twenty-five species nown from 
the Lake of Tiberias. We may rot divide the species 
named under the first heading as follow 
(a) Species pee, known from the vee and the surrounding 
fountains :—Varicorhinus sauvagei, Barbus beddomei, 
Tpilehsons ‘zaregi, Nemachilus galilaeus, N. leontinae 
and Hemichromis sacra (6 in all). 
(b) shane only known from the Jordan system :—Va 
corhinus socialis, Barbus canis, B. longiceps, Tides 
stmonis and 7’. flavi- josephi (5 in all). 
(c) Loree’ of wider range in Syria and Palestine :—Vari 
rhinus damascinus, Maia sellal and Piiiaene: 
peiiaalonas (3 in all). 
Most of the species apparently confined to the lake are 
small, inconspicuous or exceedingly rare, _ although it is 
possible that its dépths may provide a suitable habitat for 
species which cannot exist in any other pa et of the Jordan 
system, there is no reason to regard the fish-fauna of the lake as 
distinct in any very marked manner from that of other parts 
of the system with which it is in direct communication. Onl 
a small proportion of the endemic species, however, have suc- 
ceeded in extending their range beyond the Jordan, its aftluents 
and its lakes. 
The African element in the fish-fauna of Palestine is the 
one that has hitherto attracted most attention. As will be 
as in Syria, but one (Discognathus lamta) has a much more 
extraordinary range, various races being common in all parts 
of India in which “rocky streams are present. The race that 
occurs in the Lake of Tiberias is not, however, identical with 
the typical Indian weir of the species or even with that of the 
North-West Himala 
The two Marien sar fish belong to a genus whose mem- 
bers frequent the extreme margin of streams and of the sea 
t. 
Five families of fish are represented in the Lake of 
Tiberias, the Blenniidae, the Cyprinidae, the Siluridae, the 
Cyprinodontidae and the Cichlidae. Neither the Holarctic 
Salmonidae! nor the Ephiopian Mormyridae extend into it or 
44 trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma) occurs at Smyrna but does not 
ene its way southwards into Syria, es it occurs = Teheran in 
and also in North Africa. See Boulenger, Ann N ist. 
) VIEL p. 153 (1896), and Cat. Daidicater Fishes a soe a ss p. 167, 
g. 1 909). 
