Vol. X1, Nos. 5 & 6.] The Geological History of S.India. 149 
[N.8.] 
It would take too long to enter into any account of the 
evidences of intrusion or of the contact metamorphism of 
the schists, and I pass on to the next formation succeeding the 
Peninsular gneiss. 
his next formation is itself highly complex, but, 
thanks to the genius of Sir Thomas Holland, it can be recorded 
and summarily dismissed with the name Charnockite.! It is 
a huge plutonic complex, characterized chiefly by the presence 
of hypersthene, in which the alternating bands, frequently 
steeply inclined, vary from an acid hypersthene-granite though 
various intermediate forms to hypersthene-norites and hyper- 
sthenites. These rocks form the great mass of the Nilgiris to 
tongues of quartz-magnetite ore. Gradational forms have 
teen found in which the proportions of magnetite and quartz 
taldrug » & distance of over 200 miles. Doubtless it extends 
nee further both north and south into British territory. 
; bostaphically it is usually striking, as it forms a great chain 
7. rounded or domes many of which are bare rock. 
Yso e have been able definitely to recognize in 
base ".—with the exception of various hornblendic and other 
dykes which I need not refer to here. 
Com le sequent to the formation and folding of the Archaean 
ex the whole country has been traversed by a series of 
' Mem., Geol. Survey of India, XXVIII, pt. 2 (1900). 
