ne 
25. The Distribution and Origin of the Fauna of the 
Jordan System with Special ee to that 
of the Lake of Tiberia 
By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sce., F.A.S.B. 
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the Indian Museum.) 
CONTENTS. Page 
canes are sf 
1. List of the Aquatic Fauna of the Ti berias Basin .. 438 
2. Distribution of the Aquatic Fauna of the Tiberias Basin .. 441 
3. Origin of the Fauna of fee Sern System 461 
4, Some e more rece ore soeerinet works on the 
Aquets Animals of the Ap panes System 471 
Accepted views as to the geographical characters of: the 
fauna of Palestine were thus expressed by the late Canon 
ean in 1888 :— 
analysis oo each class of its fauna and of its phanerogamic flora 
shea ne while overwhelm pve pion liccigs of its species in all cases 
belong to the Palaeasieie she re in each class a group of excep- 
tions and peculiar forms whi sett vy pera 536 that region, and the 
presence of many of which cannot be expla ate wer on “— Noe of 
the Palearctic infringing closely on the Atthio very 
distantly = the Indian; but can only be satisfactorily aiscunied its by 
reference the geological haaaey of t These species are, 
alm — all, witha ie confined to the area of ‘he: J fond ‘valley and Dead Sea 
bas 
ote respect to invertebrates, and in so far as any ZOOZeO- 
graphical statement can be said to have been proved, = 
hysical peculiarities of on “Jordan Tiver-system are 
well ‘agit and all that is necessary to do here is to pats briefly 
on those features that appear to have influenced the distribu- 
tion of its fauna. The system, which runs almost due north 
= south and has a total length of about 170 miles, is a closed 
» having no connection either with the sea or with any con- 
Eierablc body of fresh or normally salt water; it terminates 
in the Dead Sea. To the north its upper parts approach fairly 
close to two other shorter systems that open into the Mediter- 
Tanean, namely that of the Nahr Litany (R. Leontes), which 
flows between the ranges of Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon through 
the ey of the B’ka Sea ceed and that of the R. Barada, 
buvcey of Wiitern Poiiiine : Fauna ae vie. p- vi (18s). 
