68 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [March, 1909. 
Sawyer (loc. cit.) gives to us: it is that both are used alike in 
Spain for the rough manufacture of an oil which serves as a balm 
for wounds. 
fy stechas would seem to have been familiar in 
Italy in the days of the first Cesars ; for the writers on medi- 
cine mention it without comment on its appearance and origin. 
Celsus, who lived in the times of Augustus and Tiberius, in his 
De Medicina, lib., viii., cap. ix, gives one use for it: Pliny 
(23—79 A.D.) another. ; 
reason to believe that he had not Lavandula Stechas in mind, 
ut one asks how it comes that he records the origin of a plant 
as southern France which must have been common in his own 
native Cilicia. ! 
The writers of all the schools of medicine round the Medit- 
erranean that come in the next centuries, were obviously fami- 
iar with stechas : for instance, Galen (180 to about 200 A.D.) 
names it: Paulus Aigineta, who lived both in Rome and Alex- 
andria (before 640 A.D.) names it. Then we find the Arabs 
writing of it. Mesues ® is said to mention it (teste Bodaeus a 
Stapel in his Theophrasti Historia plantarum libri decem, Textum 
grecum illustravit Johannaeus Bodaeus, 1644, p. 670). Ibn Sina 
mentions it. Assuredly it was through Arabs of their schools 
that the use spread towards India. 
_ _, LE have not discovered any references which enable me to 
indicate when its use in India began. 
It is not to be expected that the old Sanskrit medical works 
of India would mention Astukhudus by a name so obviously 
newer than they ; apparently they do not mention it at all. 
As far as one can tell they had not got the drug. 
Ibn Sina, who flourished about A.D. 1000, names our drug 
1 T find it profitless in the i i 
present enquiry to pursue the suggestion 
that Lavandula was known to the Greeks by the name of ad tite “Ipuov 
ae ported, can affo 0 evid h ] sed 
pars eo by the Grecks béfore eihisiettin that Lavandula was u 
ues. the younger, a Christian of Maridi the Euphrates, and 
student at Bagdad, put man as ~esipe a : 
der Pharmazie, 1904, p. a7 works into Arabic. Sc 
ee tt the elder, lived not mu 
er’s Bibliographi : * 
referred to. Van ree oscemte p. 174, and Schelenz’s work may 
