102 A Monograph of the ERYSiniACEAE 



observed in France, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Asia Minor, 

 Syria, Algeria, etc.; in 1852 it caused wholesale destruction in 

 Madeira ; in 1866-7 it was recorded from Australia ; it is common 

 throughout the United States, has lately occurred in Brazil and has 

 been reported on vines in Japan ; it is now, in fact, a disease almost 

 certain to appear wherever grapes are grown. 



Fortunately, a cheap and reliable remedy has been found 

 against the vine mildew in the form of sulphur (flowers of sulphur, 

 or solutions of the sulphide), and the disease is now held com- 

 pletely in check by means of the use of this fungicide. Galloway 

 (^37) (138) recommends the following method: In applying the 

 sulphur, bellows should be used, and the first applications should 

 be made ten or twelve days before the flowers open, the second 

 when in full bloom, and a third three weeks or a month later if 

 the disease seems to be on the increase. The best results arc ob- 

 tained when the applications are made with the thermometer 

 ranging from 80° to 100° F. In this temperature fumes are 

 given off, which quickly destroy the fungus. We have obtained 

 excellent results in treating this disease with a solution made by 

 dissolving half an ounce of potassium sulphide to the gallon of 

 water. (In preparing the solution, half an ounce of the " liver of sul- 

 phur " was dissolved in one pint of hot water ; as soon as dissolved, 

 the cold water (i gallon less i pint) was poured with the hot solu- 

 tion, and the whole immediately strained through a thick osnaburg 

 cloth into a tin can and closely stopped.) This preparation is 

 cheap and can be quickly and effectually applied with any of the 

 well-known spraying pumps. The greatest care should be exer- 

 cised in making the second spraying, which should be at the same 

 time as that mentioned for the flowers of sulphur, in order to pro- 

 tect the blossoms from the fungus. For other preparations, and 

 their method of application, etc., reference may be made to Viala 



{373)- 



It is important to distinguish clearly between the two diseases 

 that have been called the "vine disease" or ** vine mildew/' the 

 one due to the attacks of *' Oidijim Tuckeri^' the other to those of 

 Peronospora viticola, as the remedies for the latter (Bordeaux mix- 

 ture, Teau celeste, sulphate of copper) have been found to be of no 

 effect against Oidiimi Titckeri It is therefore well to adopt the 



