INTRODUCTION 3 
portions of Shasta, Lassen, and Modoc counties, including in their 
collections several liverworts. Mr. Samuel B. Parish has found 
several species of Hepaticae and Anthocerotes in the San Bernar- 
dino Mts., and Professor A. J. McClatchie lists seventeen species 
in the “ Flora of Pasadena and Vicinity."* Professor D. Н. Camp- 
bell has made interesting discoveries in the neighborhood of Stan- 
ford University, two of which аге the novelties Sphacrocarpus cris- 
tatus and Riccia Campbelliana, first described in the present paper. 
Mrs. Katharine Brandegee is thus far the only collector of Pro- 
fessor Campbell's new genus Geothallus and, so far as we know, is 
the only one to have found Аефоийа hemisphaerica in California. 
Our own collections have been made in the region of the Bay of'San 
Francisco, and in Sonoma, Mendocino, Humboldt, Trinity, Shasta, 
and Siskiyou counties. Although the hepatic flora of the coast 
counties may now be considered to be fairly well known, it is per- 
haps not too much to expect that explorations of the future will 
nearly double the number of species now known to occur in the 
state as а whole. That Ше present number— 86, including one 
well-marked variety—is a very respectable one for the area involved 
may be readily seen by a comparison with the hepatic flora of the 
northern and eastern United States. In the sixth edition of Gray’s 
Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States, 141 species 
are recognized by Professor Underwood under Ше Hepaticae. 
Subsequent additions and revisions leave the total about 150. 
When it is borne in mind that the area covered by the sixth edi- 
tion of Gray's Manual is five times that of California, the 86 
species now attributed to California make a fair showing in point 
of numbers as against the 150 of the northern and eastern states. 
But California has mountains of more than twice the height of any 
in the Gray's Manual region and in spite of the fact that the an- 
nual rainfall in many parts of the state is less than is requisite 
for the best development of bryophytic vegetation, the diversities 
of altitude, temperature, and humidity, afforded by the state as a 
whole, combine to give it a rich and varied hepatic flora, and one 
which in respect to the numbers of its species may be expected to 
compare favorably with any region of equal area in the United States. 
The whole great range of the Sierra Nevada is still almost a terra 
* Reid, History of Pasadena, 624. 1895. 
