10 HEPATICAE AND ANTHOCEROTES OF CALIFORNIA 
and they are characters of much significance. For analogies we 
must look chiefly in two directions—toward the Pteridophyta and 
toward the Musci. 
The principal list of Californian Hepaticae and Anthocerotes 
hitherto published is that of Dr. Bolander, who included thirty 3 
species belonging to these two groups in his “ Catalogue of the 
Plants Growing іп the Vicinity of San Francisco."* Dr. Sereno 
Watson and Mr. Coe F. Austin prepared a manuscript descriptive 
of the Hepaticae and Anthocerotes of California for incorporation 
in the volumes devoted to botany in the Report of the Geological 
Survey of California, but for some reason it never saw the light. Е 
This manuscript, in which forty species are diagnosed, is now owned || 
by Professor Underwood and has been accessible. At the end of | 
the present paper will be found a list of the existing literature bear- 
ing directly upon the hepaticology of California and also a list of 
other hepaticological works which have been of the most service 
in the preparation of this paper. 
With the hope of making the paper more useful to beginners in || 
the study of the Pacific Coast Hepaticae, keys to the genera and = 
species have been supplied. In the matter of synonymy ап@ | 
bibliography, no attempt is made to give anything beyond the most | | 
important references. Exsiccatae are cited only when Californian 
specimens are involved. In regard to nomenclature, the Rochester 
Code is applied in general, though perhaps not always rigidly and 
consistently ; apparent exceptions are discussed under Grimaldia, | 
Lepidozia, and Asterella Californica. 
It has been our aim to distinguish as clearly as possible | 
between statements based upon our own observations and those | 
based upon the recorded observations of others, yet borrowings | 
doubtless exist on the following pages, particularly in the diagnoses 
of genera, which are not expressly acknowledged to be such at _ 
the place of their occurrence. In framing definitions of genera, we | 
have been assisted especially by the writings of Spruce, Schiffner, | 
Lindberg, and Limpricht. 
Whatever of value the present work may possess is largely due 1 | 
to Ше encouragement received from Professor L. M. Underwood, | 
whose library, herbarium, and mature experience have been re- - 
* California Medical Gazette, May, 1870. 
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