49 MARCHANTIACEAE 
dichotomous, or progressing by latero-ventral, very rarely apical 
innovations, broadly costate, 25-30 cells thick in median parts, 
mostly crescentic in cross section with broad, thin, often erect or 
inflexed, commonly purplish margins, the air-chambers almost 
wholly filled by secondary walls, leaving very small lacunae ; ventral 
scales purple, closely imbricate, the inferior reniform or obliquely 
ovate, subentire or irregularly dentate, extending to the margin, the 
superior ovate or lanceolate, rather abruptly narrowed to a slender, 
acuminate, often bifid, subnodose or repand point, slightly exceed- 
ing the margin and inconspicuously inflexed at the apical sinus, their 
tips rarely decolorate: polyoicous: antheridia immersed, with 
short-papilliform ostiola, somewhat scattered near the middle of 
a thallus-segment or aggregated near the apex, without special 
involucre, the androecium when subapical often more or less cov- 
ered by the inflexed thallus-margins : peduncle from the apex of a 
small obovate or cordate latero-ventral innovation, 1.5-2.5 cm. 
high, mainly reddish, pale above, with a few small purple scales at 
base, naked beneath the receptacle or obsoletely palaceous ; $ 
receptacle small, 1.5-2.25 mm. in maximum width, hemispherical- 
conoidal, lightly papillate above, obscurely lobed, maturing 1—4 
sporogonia : capsule purplish ; spores dark violet-purple, 55-75 м, 
obscurely angular, tuberculate-verrucose especially on the outer 
face, the often loose and saccate exterior membrane of the inner 
faces commonly rugose or irregularly areolate, entire surface mi- 
nutely papillate or granulate ; elaters 2~4- (mostly 3-) spiral, purple 
both as to the bands and the unthickened wall, often considerably 
attenuate at one or both extremities, 200-300 и long, 9-15 м in 
greatest width. 
Yosemite Valley, * on rocks in the spray of Bridal Veil Fall, 
June, 1866” (Bolander); also in the region of the Yosemite Val- 
ley by С. M. Cooke, Jr., 1896 (т herb. A. W. Evans) ; on trail to 
Wilson's Peak, San Gabriel Mts. (А, J. McClatchie, Apr. 21, 
1893). 
A portion of Bolander's original, communicated by Dr. 
Gottsche to Professor Underwood, is in the Underwood Her- 
barium. Other specimens from the first collection are in the 
herbaria of Professor Underwood, of Columbia University, and of 
the U. S. National Museum. 
Grimaldia Californica is somewhat nearly allied to Grimaldia 
androgyna (L.) Lindb. of Southern Europe, but clearly differs in the 
purple elaters, the dark purple spores, the broader thallus with 
thinner margins, the rather smaller, more conoidal, less evidently 
