86 JUNGERMANNIACEAE 
2-4 pairs, larger and less deeply lobed than the cauline leaves, the 
inmost pair more or less highly connate at base and fused with the 
lower part of the perianth and the hollowed-out upper part of the 
stem to form a somewhat goblet-shaped involucre.  Perianth deli- 
cate‘ included in Ше involucre, irregularly 4—6-lobed after the ex- 
sertion of the capsule. Calyptra free or, toward the base, adnate to 
the perigynial tube. Capsule globose or slightly elongated, the 
valves of 2 or 3 layers of cells, the walls of which exhibit numerous 
brown nodular or imperfectly semiannular thickenings. ^ Elaters 
bispiral. 
Key to the Species. 
Stems 2-6 mm. long ; leaves in sterile and lower part of Ф plants somewhat obliquely 
inserted and succubous ; median leaf-cells 16—36 и; antheridia single or in pairs; 0 
bracts nearly always margined with radially elongated cells. 1. 27. Bolanderi. 
Stems 5-80 mm. long; leaves always transversely inserted and canaliculate-concave or 
subcomplicate ; median leaf-cells 16-28 и; antheridia in groups of 2-6; © bracts 
very rarely submarginate. 2. М. emarginata. 
г. MansUPELLA BOLANDERI (Aust.) Underw. Zoe, 1: 365. 1890. 
Sarcoscyphus Bolanderi Aust. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 3: 9. 
1872. | 
` Nardia Bolanderi Aust.; Underw. Bull. Ill. State Lab. Nat. 
HSK 23: Ро 1834: 
Densely and intricately caespitose, lurid green or dusky гей, 
often blackening : stems prostrate or ascending at apex, rarely sub- 
erect, 2-6 mm. long, .1-.22 mm. in diameter, simple, sparingly 
branched below, or innovating from the axils of the ? bracts, fur- 
nished to the apex in most cases (especially in the 9 plants) with 
somewhat copious colorless root-hairs: leaves close or distant, 
variable in size and position, ovate-orbicular, usually broader than 
long, .14-.36 mm. in length, .22-.55 mm. in width, subtransverse 
and erecto-patent in 4 plants and toward the perianth in the 
%, otherwise mostly patulous-subvertical (turned toward the dor- 
sal aspect of the stem) and succubous, sometimes obscurely 
Marginate, concave, occasionally subcomplicate, rarely almost 
in pairs, on stalks a little shorter than their long diameter, the 5 
bracts often distinctly bordered with subquadrate cells a little elon- 
