184 JUNGERMANNIACEAE 
correlated with these characters others drawn chiefly from the 
underleaves and leaf-apices. Nees von Esenbeck,* however, gives 
. the impression that his Calypogeia trichomanis is dioicous and the 
species is so described by Limpricht + and by Stephani.] Gottsche $ 
on the other hand, twice states that the 4 and 9 branches may 
arise side by side from the axil of a single underleaf. , Spruce 
remarks : є “Ош Kantia Trichomanis (Calypogia Tr., Syn. Hep.) 
is also certainly monoicous, and fruits freely in the Castle-Howard 
woods in the springtime. The flowers stand normally three to- 
gether, in the ах! of a foliole, thus (4 9 4); but one or other 
flower in each triplet is apt to be obsolete, thus obscuring the 
monoicous character We have probably a second species, in 
bogs and' wet places, with dioicous inflorescence, and large, very 
slightly notched (or even quite entire) folioles ; but I have seen 
no fertile specimen." Ina reprint of this paper (“ On Anomoclada") 
in possession of Professor Underwood, Dr. Spruce has written 
“А. Trichomanis " on the margin opposite the words “ probably 
а second species” and “ А. Sprengelii” (Mart.)' opposite Ше 
reference to the monoicous species. In none of the Californian 
specimens (and in none from the eastern United States, so far as 
investigations have been made) have we been able to demonstrate 
paroicous inflorescence. By persistent searching we have always 
been able to find antheridia, when they are to be found а! all, 
occupying purely 2 branches on plants which bear also 9 branches 
There is, however, an apparent tendency to become dioicous, which 
is especially pronounced in plants with large, merely emarginate 
underleaves. In European specimens, also, we are satisfied that 
the correlation, as defined by Kaalaas, between the position of the 
antheridia and the characters of the underleaves, leaf-apices, etc., 
does not always exist. For example, an autoicous ог рег kd 
polyoicous specimen collected in Germany by Herr Е. Stephani 
has leaves and underleaves which are very decidedly of the јуре 
22 
ао 
* Naturgesch. Eur. Leberm. 3 : 19. 1838. 
+ Cohn, Krypt.-Fl. Schles. т 13m. INT 
t Berichte Bot. Ver, Landshut, 7: 143 (51). 18 
1979. 
4 Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 212: 427. 1845. 
Naturw, Ver. Hamb. 7: 41. 1880. 
1 Jour. Bot. 14:164. 1876. 
Abhandl. 
