152 JUNGERMANNIACEAE 
4. SCAPANIA UNDULATA (L.) Dumort. Rec. d’Obs. Jung. 14. 1835. 
Jungermannia undulata L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1132. 1753. Hook. 
Brit. Jung. //. 22. 1816. 
reen, rose-red, or dark purple, rarely brownish, in compact or 
loose tufts: stems rather rigid, usually erect, sometimes floating, 
1-10 cm. long, sparingly branched, with very few root-hairs, 
denudate and brittle below: leaves larger and imbricate at apex, 
approximate or distant below, mostly soft and flaccid, usually un- 
dulate-crisped or crumpled in drying, entire, denticulate, or ciliate- 
dentate, slightly alate-carinate, carina entire ; ventral lobes round- 
trapezoidal, mostly twice the size of the dorsal, subequal toward 
the stem-apex, sometimes broadly pointed, decurrent, convex ог 
nearly flat ; the dorsal lobes equally broad, obliquely and broadly 
ovate, with a rather obtuse point, loosely incumbent or somewhat 
bent away from the stem: leaf-cells near the margin quadrate or 
oval, 15-20 и, oblong-hexagonal in the middle, 45-60 их 15-30 /^ 
mostly thin-walled, cuticle more or less distinctly hyaline-rough- 
ened: dioicous : perianth oblong or more rarely obovate, slightly 
narrowed at the entire, repand, or subdentate mouth. 
On stones in streams and springs or in very moist places, 
especially in mountainous regions. 
North Fork of the Little River, Mendocino Co., on submerged 
rocks (600). No. 649, from the same locality but growing опа 
log just above the water-line appears to be a variety approaching 
S. nemorosa in the subciliate-dentate upper leaves and in the form 
and relative size of the lobes, having, however, the subentire peri- 
anth mouth of S. undulata. Хо. 639, sterile, from wet rocks in 
stream-bed seems to agree with the latter, as does also a specimen 
collected in the region of the Yosemite Valley by C. M. Cooke, 
Jr., in 1896 (ex dono A. №. Evans) Also collected in California 
by Dr. Bolander, the exact locality unknown. 
Scapania uliginosa (Sw.) Dumort., so far as we know, has not 
yet been collected in California, but its discovery there may be 
expected. It differs from Scapania undulata chiefly in the smaller, 
reniform, strongly convex dorsal lobes, much narrower than the 
ventral lobes and 4-4 their size, and in the always entire leaves 
decurrent on both sides, especially long-decurrent on the ventr 
Margin. 
Scapania irrigua (Nees) Dumort. differs from S. undulata in 
the softer, weaker stems, bearing root-hairs to the apex, те 
