94 MR. H. W. KEW ON THE 
IVE. 
As already stated, the purposes for which the nests are made 
are known; but they are inadequately stated in most of the 
books. The animals thus enclose themselves for moulting, for 
brood-purposes, and also in some cases for hibernation. Nests 
for moulting are probably universal and made by all individuals 
of both sexes. They protect the animal during ecdysis and the 
periods of helplessness which precede and follow it. Those for 
brood-purposes, made by females, are probably universal in that 
sex; but in exceptional cases they are slight and easily over- 
looked. They protect the distended animal and attached egg- 
and brood-pouch, and also the young, which remain for a time 
enclosed with the mother*. Nests for hibernation are probably 
less general. It is certainly true of some Beers) perhaps of 
many, that most individuals of both sexes rest in nests during 
winter. In these they are protected no doubt from cold ; ant 
perhaps also from moisture, which might freeze around them 
with harmful results. 
aisle: 
References to the nests in published papers, and my own notes 
on the subject, are too numerous to be collected here. It may be 
permissible, however, to pass In review the main groups and to 
refer more particularly to a small number of species. Godfrey 
(29, 36) is the author who more than anyone else has attended to 
these structures. 
Of the families of Panctenodactyli—Cheliferide, Feaellidee, and 
Garypide—the last two are foreign to our tauna and their nests 
ave unknown to me. Those of Feaellide do not appear to have 
been observed. It is otherwise with Garypide. Lucas, in 
1849 (5), wrote of Olpium pallipes Liue., that it lives under or 
in the crevices of stones where it constructs “une petite coque 
sins issue, d’un tissu soyeux, serré, revétue a l’extérieur de 
grains de sable et de parcelles de terre.” Garypinus capensis Ell. 
is stated by Godfrey (36) to make nests, between flakes of bark 
of trees, ‘‘of silk only without any covering of dust or specks of 
wood.” According to Becker (10) the nest of the large Garypus 
e the Mediterranean—Garypus litoralis L. Koch of this author— 
s ‘une coque de soie hermétiquement fermée.” He refers also 
i similar silken nests of Garypus minor L. Koch. These last 
are more particularly described by Barrois (22), who found them 
* Bouvier (21), writing of the nests of the large Garypus of the Mediterranean, 
has indicated that they contained brood-pouches developing in the absence of the 
mother; and some prominence has been given to this statement by With (27). 
Further observations, however, convinced Bouvier that he was mistaken; the 
mother had doubtless escaped, leaving the brood-pouch behind, subsequently to the 
collection of the nests. It is possible, however, that some species, e.g. Cheiridium 
museorum Leach, may cast off the brood-pouch and leave it in the nest after the 
larvee have ceased to suck; cf: Godfrey (29). To recur to the Garypus, Becker (10) 
tells us that he found “les deux sexes réunis dans une coque de soie’”’; an observation 
which stands alone and deserves investigation. 
