96 MR. H. W. KEW ON THE 
between two closely placed pieces of rock; they are formed, 
he says, of earth with a silk lining and with a silken floor 
and roof attached to the rock. In several English counties 
the animal inhabits the sand-dunes of the coast; and under 
these conditions I have often observed it, especially in Lincoln- 
shire, where it is abundant on the fine range of dunes which 
extends from the Humber to the Wash. In such places it 
makes its nests for the most part in old sheathing-bases of 
marram-grass (Ammophila arenaria) and sometimes under bark 
of maimed stumps of Hippophaé rhamnoides and Sambucus nigra. 
Those made for brood-purposes are frequently slight in texture, 
the animal being distinctly visible within. Of nests for hiberna- 
tion I am not able to say anything not having observed the 
animal in winter. The moulting-nests, however, are of the 
usual dense tissue: and when in relatively wide spaces they 
have usually a free roof. In such cases and whenever there is 
any considerable expanse of free tissue there is usually a regular 
covering of grains of sand. C. cyrneuws L. Koch and C. cimi- 
coides Fabr. are forest species found under rather close-fitting 
bark of dead or partly dead standing trees. I have already given 
notes of the nests of the former ohscmrat f in Sherwood Forest (26), 
and more recently have had many opportunities of observing 
them in Richmond Park*. The brood- and winter-nests are 
surprisingly large, even for this Jarge species, having frequently 
a diameter of 10 mm. They are built usually in narrow crevices, 
and thus they do not as a rule exhibit a free roof. This feature 
is commonly seen, however, in the smaller moulting-nests. The 
free membrane has usually a covering of woody fragments , which 
is often dense and beautifully regular. The nests of C. cimicoides 
—smaller in accordance with the smaller size of the animal— 
have been observed by me in many places, and particularly in 
Epping Forest, where they are readily found under the bark of 
the old pollards. The brood-nests are apt to be slight and in- 
formal in this species; but the moulting- and winter-nests are 
ordinarily stout and often exhibit a free roof; and they are 
remarkable for the density and regularity of the almost invari- 
ably complete covering of woody fragments. To the same family 
belongs Cheiridium, whose nests are unusually small and flat. 
Cheiridium museorum Leach occurs, ¢.g., behind the boards of 
old barns where the nests are often crowded together in great 
numbers. They have a diameter of about 2mm.; and the roof, 
which is very slightly convex, has a close covering of minute 
miscellaneous objects. The nests of Cheiridium ferwm Sim. are 
still smaller and scarcely, if at all, convex ; they are pearly white 
and quite destitute of attached particles. This at least was the 
condition of a number sent to me by Godfrey, who found them 
under flakes of pine-bark in Brittany. Subsequently (36) he 
* Tam indebted to His Majesty’s Office of Works, and to Mr. 8. Pullman, the 
Superintendent of the Park, for the permission and facilities necessary for observing 
and collecting in this place. 
