NESTS OF PSEUDOSCORPIONES. Si 
found the same animal in South Africa with many nests under 
bark of gum-trees. The structures were similar to those above 
mentioned, of white silk only, and very conspicuous. 
In Hemictenodactyli—families Obisiide and Chthoniide—the 
nests of both Obistwm and Chthonius ave known. ‘The first note 
for Obistwm is by Menge, 1855 (6), who found a brood of young 
“‘ mit der alten Mutter in einem halbrunden Gespinnst zwischen 
zwei Blattern.” Low (7) records a female with brood-pouch in a 
snail-shell; of which the mouth “mit einem dichten, weissen, 
homogenen Spinnengewebe vollig verschlossen war.” According 
to Simon (9), O. gugorum L. Koch in the frozen regions of 
the Alps constructs a nest ‘ presque arrondie et sans ouvel- 
ture, dont le tissu agglutinant se recouvre de terre et de 
brindilles végétales.” The common O. muscorum Leach was 
observed in detail in Scotland by Godfrey (29). The favourite 
site for its nest is the under-surface of a stone, but other situ- 
ations such as the face of a rock covered with herbage or a bed 
of moss on a tree-stump may be selected. The structure is 
usually strongly domed. It consists externally of earth, earth 
and sand, or earth and rotten wood, and internally has a close 
firm lining of silk, which is continuous, as usual, not only over 
the interior of the built parts but also over the enclosed surface 
of the object to which the nest is attached. In the south-west 
of Ireland there is a larger species, O. carpenteri Kew (82), 
whose nests [I found abundantly under loose fakes of ragged 
outer-bark of Arbutus wnedo. They are larger than those of 
O. muscorum, and differ in having no regular covering of earthy 
or woody fragments. The dense white spun-tissue of the nest 
is in fact usually quite free from extraneous particles. Both 
moulting- and brood-nests occurred on the trees; and in 
addition, many of the former were found in rock crevices. 
O. maritimum Leach, another large species, lives below high 
water-mark on the sea-shore, where it occurs in deep-seated 
rock-crevices and under large embedded stones. Its nests— 
first mentioned by Ferronniére (24)—have been observed by 
Godfrey in Scotland (29), by Jackson in the Isle of Man (28), 
and by me in Devon and Cornwall and in Iveland (82, 34). They 
occur in the situations just indicated and, as in the case of 
O. carpenteri, the dense white spun-tissue has no coating of 
extraneous matters. Spun amidst surroundings constantly moist, 
they are stout and tough; and, contrary to what is usual in 
these structures, they are not always intimately attached to the 
surfaces on which they rest. Thus the nests, together with 
the enclosed animal, can be removed without injury. When 
thus removed they have the character of a complete bag of silk, 
and are sufficiently impervious to retain the enclosed air after 
long submergence in spirit. Finally, for Chthonius we are in- 
debted to Godfrey (29) for notes on Chth. rayi L. Koch and 
Chth. tetrachelatus Preys. He describes the nests as built up 
usually of particles of earth and other chance objects, aud lined 
Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1914, No. VII. 7 
