SKULL OF A PARIASAURIAN REPTILE. 16] 
The anterior ramus runs forward at a lower level than the 
basipterygoid process, in contact with its fellow, nearly to the 
extreme front of the skull, where the bone ends in an overlap 
on the palatal process of the premaxilla. The two taken 
together form a powerful ridge along the dorsal surface cf the 
palate, which is particularly high j in the region of the prevomers, 
and further back is thickened to articulate “with the anterior end 
of the parasphenoidal rostrum. 
The front part of the pterygoid is underlain by the prevomer, 
as is well seen in a section of the second Hottentots Rivier 
specimen. 
The lateral border’ of the anterior ramus is in contact with the 
palatine, and the external ramus supports the ectopterygoid and 
with it forms the small pterygoid flange which faces the inner 
side of the lower jaw. 
The posterior ramus runs outwards and backwards from the 
basipterygoid process ; it forms a deep plate very thiek and solid 
below, nearly the whole of whose anterior face is covered by the 
quadrate. This flange reaches nearly to the roof of the skull, 
and at its upper edge apparently touches, in 49426, a special 
process of the squamosal which will be described later. 
EL pipterygoid.—No. 49426 on the right side shows appearances 
suggesting the presence of a small epipterygoid resting on the 
upper surface of the pterygoid. I have seen a similar suggestion 
in another specimen, but am not prepared definitely to affirm the 
presence of the bone. 
Prevomer.—The prevomer is a large thick bone which meets its 
fellow in the middle line, whose dorsal surface is partly covered 
by the pterygoid and whose lower surface supports two irregular 
rows of teeth: these are quite large, recurved, and sharply pointed; 
in section they are seen to be set in distinct sockets. 
Palatine.—The extension of the palatine on the buccal surface 
of the palate cannot be determined. An interesting feature of 
its dorsal surface is the presence of a process which is directed 
upwards and articulates with a corresponding descending process 
of the prefrontal. The outer edge of the palatine articulates 
wholly with the maxilla. 
Lctopterygoid.—An ectopterygoid is undoubtedly present. It 
unites with the external ramus of the pterygoid and passes out- 
wards behind the suborbital vacuity to articulate with the maxilla, 
lachrymal, and jugal. 
A very curious feature of the palate is the presence of a large 
round opening between the palatal processes of the premaxille, 
which probably housed an intermaxillary gland. 
Quadrate. —The quadrate is a large bone standing nearly 
vertical in the skull. Its lower border forms the condyle for the 
lower jaw, which is placed nearly transversely. 
The bone rises above this as a plate whose outer border is 
notched at one place by the very small quadrate foramen, but is 
Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1914, No. XJ. ll 
