ON DEATHS IN THE GARDENS DURING 1913. 181 
11. Report on the Deaths which occurred in the Zoological 
Gardens during 1913, together with a list of the Blood- 
Parasites found during the Year. By H. G. PLimmer, 
F.R.S., F.Z.8., Pathologist to the Society. 
[Received February 2, 1914: Read February 3, 1914.] 
INDEX. Page 
JP EAA IYO KGyAY? aac eantco ahodacue tec tndconOLa ta tee Oo ncaC ony CoeCC eC nme cel 
JERSE, JEROMOVAOE, cdasancoscandonsonnoospbuagonasonveuseccoo lusts) 
arasificeNemabodesinemseee cece cee ee eset eee 187 
On January Ist, 1913, there were 826 mammals, 2162 birds, 
and 486 reptiles in the Zoological Gardens; and during the year 
446 mammals, 1356 birds, and 683 reptiles were admitted, 
making a total for the year of 1272 mammals, 3518 birds, and 
1169 reptiles. 
During 1913, 356 mammals, 857 birds, and 467 reptiles have 
died: vhat is, a percentage of 27-9 for mammals, 24°3 for birds, 
and 39:4 for reptiles. 
Out of the total deaths for the year, 1680 in all, 723 occurred 
in animals which had not been six months in the Gardens: that 
is nearly half the total number. It has been found that after 
six months’ residence in the Gardens, the death-rate falls rapidly ; 
so that it is assumed that by that time the new animals have got 
over their journeys, or have died from any diseases they may have 
brought with them, or have got quite used to their new environ- 
ment. Of these 723 animals, 141 were mammals, 277 were birds, 
and 305 were reptiles; and if these be deducted from their 
respective totals the death-rate will appear as 16-9 per cent. for 
mammals, 16:4 per cent. for birds, and 13:8 per cent. for reptiles. 
The following Tables show the facts which have been ascer- 
tained, in outline. ‘Table I. summarizes the actual causes of 
death in the three groups specified. Under Reptiles are included 
Amphibia and a few Fishes. 
Tas.E I.— Analysis of the Causes of Death. 
Reference 
Diseases. Mammals.|! Birds. |Reptiles.) to Notes 
| following. 
1. Microbie or Parasitic 
Diseases. : 
{Nn oerROMIORTES Sooke nccnnecboodonsseec 31 104 6 
IMiv COSISI Rad canscrreecserencecee, sae 8 75 1 
1 PVE OHTA VINEY” caodadbenoua seseeanse ase 34 89 138 
Septiczemia...............- oeeondaee i Be 
PANDSCESSE ee tec u emi naeee rer seen J 
Peri cardubisinenscseas-css eee seca 1 
5 
6 
CODD 
IReritoniuisw-ssess sence soonee see osen: 
TOWNS ELENA Saeed ososne cadaconeotae ee 
SIIGENENTINE ccs cosoes Soatedees Sovednane We tit aL 
ylephlebitistynecacie wasn ee he Qe: oe a 5 
- Hydatids Berean ena hcoste. 2 sal EO ay ates ‘ 
Worms ] see On Labi dah tai ae Reese oa. z 
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