288 ON THE MALAY RACE OF THE INDIAN ELEPHANT, 
text-fig. 2, it will be at once evident that there is a marked 
difference in the shape of the ears in the two specimens. 
To deseribe this difference in words is very difficult, and it 
is most easily apprehended by contrasting the figures. It may be 
mentioned, however, that in the Indian Hlephant—both young 
and adult—the ear is distinctly triangular, owing to the great 
development of the descending lobe, and that its longer diameter 
is vertical. In the Siamese calf, on the other hand, the descending 
lobe is less elongated and the postero-inferior border placed less 
obliquely, while there is a greater development of the postero- 
superior border. In consequence of this—making due allowance 
for the turning-forward of the lower part of the postero-superior 
border, which may apparently also occur in Indian calves *,—the 
whole lower half of the ear forms, roughly speaking, an obliquely 
hung half-square, with somewhat emarginate borders. 
Now the ear of the Negri Sembilan calf accords very closely in 
general type with that of the Siamese fcetus, the chief differences 
being the minor degree of emargination of the borders and the 
direction of the antero-inferior border, which is inclined downwards 
and backwards in a much more marked degree. The differences 
are, however, slight and, coupled with the hairiness of both, 
indicate that the two represent either two closely allied races or a 
single and slightly variable race. As regards hairiness, the Negri 
Sembilan calf has bristly black hairs on most or all of the regions 
where these occur in the Siamese foetus; and, in addition, a large 
amount of softer and longer black hair on the back and flanks, as 
well as on the under surface of the lower jaw. 
The tail is considerably longer than in the Indian calf, but 
since, according to Sanderson, there is considerable variation in 
this respect among Indian Elephants—which may or may not 
eventually prove to be of racial value,-—I do not for the present 
propose to take any account of this feature. The great difference 
in the contour of the ear, coupled with the excessive development 
(at least in some instances) of black and in part bristly hair in 
the juvenile condition, seems sufficient to justify the separation of 
the Elephant of the Malay Peninsula asa distinct race, under the 
name of Hlephas maximus hirsutus t. That the Siamese Elephant 
is near akin to this race seems certain, but whether it should be 
included therein, or should be regarded as a race by itself, may 
be left for future consideration. 
It should be added that I have no means—except on the ground 
of geographical isolation—of distinguishing the Malay Elephant 
from HL. maximus swmatranus, the description of that race = not 
being comparable with the specimens forming the subject of the 
present communication. 
* According to Sanderson, ‘ Thirteen Years among the Wild Beasts of India,’ p. 60, 
the permanent backward folding of the margin of the ear in Indian Elephants does 
not take place till the sixth or seventh year. 
+ Abstract P. Z.S. 1914, p. 20 (March 24th). 
+ See Sclater, Nat. Hist. Rev. vol. i. p. 72, 1862, and Falconer’s ‘ Paleontological 
Memoirs,’ vol. i1. p. 256, 1868. 
