488 ON THE ANTLERS OF RED DEER. 
Antlers of Red Deer. 
Str Epmunp G. Lover, Bt., F.Z.S., exhibited four pairs of 
antlers of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) and made the following 
remarks :— 
‘““The Red Deer antlers which I am exhibiting are exception- 
ally fine specimens. ‘The one from the Carpathians was obtained 
during the present generation. The horns are very massive and 
heavy, with long points, and have 20 tines. With a small piece 
of the frontal bone they weigh 244 lbs. 
The most celebrated collection of Red Deer antlers is at 
Schloss Moritzburg, belonging to the King of Saxony. The 
antlers have been collected during the last 300 years and some of: 
them are certainly older than 1611, Only twelve pairs of antlers 
weigh more than 243 lbs. 
Two very fine pairs of antlers which I exhibit were found in 
a morass in Hungary. It is not easy to guess from the appear- 
ance of the bone, etc., how long they had been there, but I do 
not take them to be prehistoric or of any very great age. 
One pair measures 51 in. in length, 112 in. round the burr, 
and 50 in. in greatest outside spread. 
The longest Red Deer horns known measure 533 in. 
The other pair found in the morass has the great outside 
spread of 58? in., and measure 102 in. round the burr; with 
18 tines. 
The fourth pair comes from Germany, and the animal was 
probably killed many years ago. The horns measure 48 in. in 
length, 92 in. round the burr, and 512 in. in greatest spread ; 
with 20 tines. 
We have always known that the Red Deer of Persia, Asia 
Minor, and the Caucasus had longer faces than those of Germany, 
France, and Britain; and I thought that the faces of the Deer 
would be longer the farther Hast one found them, and that in 
the Carpathians they would be intermediate between those of 
Germany and Persia—from which country comes the type 
of Cervus elaphus maral. 
Quite lately I have had the opportunity of measuring several 
skulls of deer which had been killed in the Caucasus and in the 
Carpathians, and I found them practically identical in their 
proportions and with equally long faces. 
The measurements taken are the distance between the lower 
edges of eye orbits, and from occipital crest to end of pre- 
maxillaries. 
Roughly, I find in the short-faced type the ratio is 1 to 3:3, 
and in the long-faced type 1 to 3°6. Ido not attach any great 
weight to these figures as the material has been so limited. 
I have hunted up the skulls of Red Deer in the Natural 
History Museum and measured those which I found, but there 
are no specimens from France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, or 
the Carpathians. 
