MDZ MARINE BIOLOGY OF THE SUDANESE RED SEA. 
LEPRALIA RoBUSTA, Hincks. (Plate 13. figs. 13, 14.) 
Lepralia robusta, Hincks, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. xiii. (1884) p. 360, pl. 13. 
fic. 4; Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. vol. xxi. (1887) p. 181; Thornely, ‘‘Manaar,” p. 119 
(1905). 
The pore alluded to by Hincks and Thornely, but not figured, is not seen 
in my specimens. There are, however, pores at the base of the avicularium 
which might sometimes appear to be below the oral aperture. The avicu- 
larium has a thin bar across, which is in parts broken away. 
Loc. Mergui Archipelago (fincks) ; Gulf of Manaar (Thornely); Khor 
Dongola (6), Sudan Exped., collected by Crossland. 
LEPRALIA occLusA (Busk). (Plate 13. fig. 15; Plate 14. figs. 1-9, 13.) 
Escharoides occlusa, Busk, Zool. Chall. Exp. vol. x. pt. xxx. p. 150, pl. 21. fig. 8 (1884). 
Lepralia occlusa, Waters, Zool. Chall. Exp. vol. xxxi. p. 26, pl. 3. figs. 32-34 (1889) ; 
Kirkpatrick, Proc. R. Dublin Soe. n. s. vol. vi. (1890) p. 612. 
Zoarium much branched, about 50-70 mm. high ; branches compressed. 
There are vicarious avicularia having duck-billed shaped mandibles, 
spreading from a straight base (fig. 15). A ‘ Challenger’ specimen, from 
Station 186, Cape York, has these avicularia, and they occur in the specimens 
from British Hast Africa. There is in the Sudan specimens a small semi- 
circular avicularium at the proximal end of the zocecium, and in the Zanzibar 
specimens there are, besides this, also other semicircular ones scattered over 
the zooecium. 
Tentacles 17-19. 
There is a large multilobular gland situated at the distal end, near to the 
basal wall. A lobe may be hollow in the middle or closed, and may contain 
a homogeneous mass of small yellowish particles which do not stain. In the 
gland there are frequently semitransparent slightly refractive masses which 
may have the edges, in part, more or less straight or angular, while these 
masses sometimes appear amorphous (fig. 8). This gland is nearly round, or 
contracted towards the middle to form two hemispheres. The single duct 
from the gland is directed upwards, that is towards the operculum ; but 
shortly it divides into two, sometimes at the division expanding and 
forming two nearly globular organs (fig. 13), and the two tubes are con- 
tinued to the diaphragm. These tubes or ducts have thick cellular walls 
(fig. 4), and the contents of the tubes are the same yellowish unstainable 
material, sometimes containing bodies with more or less straight edges, as 
just described in the lobes. 
The gland, and sometimes the lobules, are surrounded by a membrane 
with nucleated cells (figs. 8,9). The number of lobes is considerable, and 
may reach to at least thirty. 
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