A. W. WATERS—REPORT ON THE BRYOZOA. 158 
Although all points are not fully elucidated, these are undoubtedly the 
oral glands to which I have referred in various papers. These glands were 
described in one species by Ostrumoff * in a Russian paper, of which a French 
translation was given in the ‘Archives Slaves de Biol.’ t+, and were mentioned 
in my ‘Challenger’ Suppl. Report, as well as in a paper “On Gland-like 
Bodies in the Bryozoa” tf, and in subsequent papers §. 
The oral glands are structures for which I have been on the look out for 
many years ; but a large proportion of ihe specimens received are not in 
a suitable condition for such examination, so that although I have cut 
sections of hundreds of species, as much has not been learnt about them as 
I hoped. However, I am now in a position to state that the glands occur 
in a large number of species in very varying forms and sizes, but only, so 
far as we know, in what we may for simplicity call the calcareous forms, 
that is, in the Hscharina of the older authors, being usually absent in the 
Cellularide, Membraniporide, Flustradice ||, &e., though even here there are 
traces in some which are probably vestigial, as in Bugula bicornis, Busk, &e. 
* Obshchestvo Estestvoispuitatelei, Kazan, vol. xvi. p. 26, pl. 1. fig. 17 (1886). 
+ “Etude Zool. & Morph. des Bry.,” Arch. Sl. de Biol. vol. i. (1886). (The translation 
omits the description of Lepralia pallasiana.) 
t Journ. Linn. Soce., Zool. vol. xxiv. (1892) p. 272, pl. 19. 
§ A large gland is figured in the description of Retepora hippocrepis, Waters, Veyage du 
S.Y. ‘Belgica, p. 85 (1904), and in Lhamphostomella costata, Lorenz, Journ, Linn. Soc., 
Zool. vol. xxviii. (1900) pl. 12. figs. 1, 2. 
|| [Since this paper was read Dr. Levinsen has given me a most interesting piece of 
Flustra abyssicola, Sars. In each zooecium hanging from the centre of the opercular region 
there is one yellow sac with homogeneous contents in the upper part, and darker granular 
or cellular contents in the lower. This occurs in zocecia with polypides, but is more 
conspicuous in older and empty zocecia, and then at the base of this sac, surrounding the 
end, there are a number of jarge cells looking much like small ovarian cells. There are, 
however, ovaria in the same zocecia. Dr. Levinsen also gave me a Flustra much like 
F. carbasea, EK. & 8., which has two long narrow bodies at the side of the zocecium suspended 
by a distinct duct. In longitudinal sections it is found that in some cases there are in these 
bodies conical groups of cells directed inwards towards the lumen. Sometimes these cells 
only occur in patches, and the walls are thick and structureless, so that in some states the 
greater part of the body is homogeneous. Haddon figured similar bodies in what he called 
F’. carbasea in his ‘ Budding in Polyzoa,” pl. 38. fig. 12, as /.¢., but he did not allude to 
them in the text. 
From sections made, it seems that these bodies and those in F. abyssicola may be testes, 
and, as already stated, Jullien described a gland in Cribrilina figularis as a testis (see Mém. 
de la Soe. Zool. de France, i. p. 270, pl. 10. figs. 1, 2, 1888). I have for many years made vain 
efforts to obtain C. figularis in good condition for examination. In many species of Bryozoa 
glands have been found in zocecia together with well-developed lateral testes, and it 
appears that oral glands may have different functions. Both species will be further studied 
and shortly figured, and it is to be ho ed that they may help towards clearing up some of 
the difficulties. | 
