C. CROSSLAND—PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF KHOR DONGONAB. 269 
Kuor Donegonas. (See Map 1, PI. 28.) 
In my description of the Barrier Reefs of the west side of the Red Sea 
I showed how Khor Dongonab gives the key by which the formation of the 
whole system may be understood. I have since lived in that neighbourhood 
for several years and have noted details which further illustrate the theory 
I formed in 1905, or which are of interest in themselves. 
Khor Dongonab is one of the few large bays of a coast remarkable for 
the straightness of its outline. After the bays behind Shadwan and the 
other islands at the entrance to the Gulf of Suez, there are no prominent 
points until Ras* Benas, 540 miles down the coast, is reached, and then 
again none until Ras Rawaya, the peninsula which encloses Khor Dongonab. 
Further south again Ras Shalak and Trinkitat are the only protuberances, 
and not prominent ones, before Masawa is reached, more than a thousand 
miles from Suez. 
Peninsula of Rawaya.—Rawaya is a low, slightly undulating surface of 
recent coral limestone, its yellow colour not at all veiled by the grey desert 
vegetation which occurs in a few shallow depressions. There are two higher 
areas, the plateau of Jebel Tétawib in the north, and Jebel Abu Shagara in 
the south, which are 80 and 127 feet high respectively, the latter hill being 
of inconsiderable area. (See Map 2, Pl. 29, & Pl. 32.) 
There is no chart from which I can give the shape of the peninsula on its 
western side, the map in Pl. 29 may be taken as a very rough approximation. 
The area here is broken up by a complicated series of canal-like inlets of the 
sea of which a few are indicated, the depth of which is great in proportion 
to the height of the surrounding country, canals 60 feet deep cutting 
through land 6 feet or less above sea-level (Pl. 32. fig. 1). This intricate 
canal system is, however, soon seen to follow a definite plan, being reducible 
to a series of longer canals more or less parallel to one another with shorter 
connecting branches at right angles. They are simply a more than usually 
numerous collection of those fault channels of which the harbours of the 
mainland are conspicuous examples. ‘There are in addition a number of 
these miniature rift valleys which do not contain water, one of which is 
particularly striking, being a deep gash extending from the summit of Jebel 
Abu Shagara to the sea-level southwards. That this is not a deep stream- 
cut ravine is obvious from its position, there being no catchment area from 
which a stream could originate, and from its parallelism with the sheer cliff 
which bounds the hill on the east and which is obviously a fault. 
Jebel Tétawib also ends in a cliff eastwards, and in both these cases a 
sea-water canal runs parallel with their bases separated from the cliff by an 
* Ras, Arabic=Head=Cape. 
