172 MR. F. M. CAMPBELL ON THE 



The spines are tubular, point backwards, and project just 

 beyond the convexity. They generally are twenty-four in number, 

 and are placed singly or in groups of two, three, or four. A basin 

 of varied form surrounds each group or single spine (fig. 8, A*, 

 B, C, D). A tube runs from each spine, and, after making many 

 and sudden convolutions, ends in a gland of a pear-shaped form. 

 Figs. 9, 10, 12, 13, and 14 represent different sections from about 

 the spines to the ejaculatory duct, E d, passing through several 

 glands and their ducts. Fig. 11 shows a gland with its duct sepa- 

 rated from its spine. The contents of the glands have a high 

 refractive power. 



The papillcB are erectile, and consist of pointed scales sur- 

 rounding a fascicule of fibres which internally diverge, and (so 

 far as I have been enabled to follow them) are lost in the connec- 

 tive tissue lining the inferior side of the genital sinus. The 

 points of the scales rest on one another, thus giving to the pro- 

 cesses a conical form. The position of one papilla with the scales 

 open, P, is seen in fig. 16 ; and fig. 17 (osmic-acid preparation) 

 shows the internal direction of the fibres. 'Eig. 15 represents a 

 papilla after having been submitted to pressure in glycerine. In 

 fig. 18 the scales and external portions of the fibres have been 

 removed, and the papilla is drawn in situ, as observed when the 

 spider is on its back, the point of view being from behind along 

 the abdomen. 



The question arises as to the function of these glands and 

 papillae. Their position denotes some share in the primary sexual 

 process. They are not found in the females. I have only 

 met with the papillge (possibly not fully developed) in immature 

 males, during the stage preceding the last ecdysis, when there 

 are no tubular spines. As to the papillae, I would suggest that 

 their fibres when protruded are used for arranging or sup- 

 porting the triangular sheet, or for assisting the collection of 

 semen by the palpi. They are conspicuous on the allied spe- 

 cies Tegeneria atrica and T. civilis. It is more easy to limit the 

 conjectures as to the purpose of the glands to two alternatives : — 



(1) To pour their secretion on the semen when deposited ; or 



(2) to spin threads which would guide the semen to the silken 

 sheet of which they might form a part. The position of these 

 glands is interesting, for it approximates that of the spinniug- 



* The bifid form of A seems to show it to be a union of two spines. Onlj' one 

 point was perforated. This is exceptional. 



