MADEEPOEAEIAN STJBFAMILT LOPHOSEEIN"^. 303 



were very varied, and that iu order to illustrate the connexion 

 of the subfamily with tlie Astrgeidae, on the one hand, and with 

 the Perforata, on tlie otlier, it was requisite to extend tlie re- 

 searches and to investigate such genera as 8iderastrcea, EchinO' 

 pora, Merulina, and Goscinarcea. 



The definition of the subfamily by its authors is, '' The wall is 

 never perforated nor echinulate in the Lophoserinse." By the 

 wall the common basal plateau is meant ; and it has been explained 

 in the former communication (page 137) that in the other sub- 

 family, the Funginse, the basal wall is perforated and echinu- 

 late. The diagnosis of the Eungidse, the family thus subdivided, 

 is that the interseptal loculi are crossed by synapticula, which 

 are special growths and not simple granulations. A negative 

 character is the absence of endothecal dissepiments. Moreover 

 the septa may be solid or more or less trabecular and perforate. 



The genus Lophoseris is taken as a typical example, then the 

 genus M(sandroseris, with collines limiting series of calices, is 

 considered. PacJiyseris follows as a most abnormal form, the col- 

 lines being in excess ; and the genus Goscinarcea is examined. 

 Finally, the genera Siderastrcea, Ecliiiiopora, and Merulina are 

 examined. All this involves some classificatory changes and the 

 introduction of a new genus ; but the importance of the synap- 

 ticula as a character of the group is enhanced. 



II. Genus Lophoseris, its Diagnosis and Details of Species. 



The genus Loplioseris of Milne-Edwards and Jules Haime re- 

 places Pavonia of Lamarck ; and it has somewhat unfortunately 

 given the name to the subfamily. 



" The corallum is compound, adherent, foUaceous, and usually 

 grows upwards in irregular lobes or crests, which are covered 

 with radiating confluent calices. Collines are present, and also 

 keel-shaped prominences covered with septo-costse ; they are 

 placed from below upwards along the line of upward growth of 

 the corallum. The columella is tubercular and sometimes rudi- 

 mentary. The base is finely striated"*. 



Nothing is said in this diagnosis of the nature of the synap- 

 ticula, of the nature of the separation between the calices, or of 

 the existence of calices in some species on both sides of the frondi- 

 form corallum. 



Lophoseris contains species which have and have not vertical 

 * ' Hist. Nat. des OoralL' vol. iii. p. 65, slightly altered, 



22* 



