360 HIGH TEMPERATURE A^'D BOWEL-COMPLAINTS. 



iug power and the muscles that bring both eyes to bear at once upon the print. 

 On the other hand, too coarse type is wearisome to the eye, requiring more 

 exertions of the muscles that govern the movements of the eyes. The dis- 

 tance between the lines should be about one-eighth inch; nearer than this 

 is apt to be confusing, fai'ther apart is also confusing. Heavy-faced type is 

 preferable to light-faced. An almost imperceptible yellow tint in the paper, 

 "natural tint," is very desirable ; pure white paper, especially if it has a 

 metallic lustre with bluish tinge, should not be employed. The paper should 

 be thick enough to be transparent, should have a close, fine texture, and be 

 free from sponginess. To the third question — whether too long and con- 

 strained attention to one object, without rest or variety, will cause eye-dis- 

 ease? — Dr.Loringreplies affirmatively, and assigns the physiological reasons. 

 Finally, he was asked whether the angle at which the light strikes the eye 

 is important? He rei)lies that the light should not come directly in front ; 

 neither should it come directly behind. It should not come from the right 

 side, because, in writing, the shadow of the hand falls across the page ; and 

 a moving shadow over a lighted surtiace not only reduces the quantity ot 

 light and leads to a stooping position, but it is also more more annoying to 

 the eye than a uniform reduction of the illumination of even a greater de- 

 gree. The best direction for the light to come is from the left-hand side, and 

 from rather above than below the level of the hand. — Popular Science 

 Monthly. 



HIGH TEMPERATURE AND BOWEL-COMPLAINTS. 



Dr. JSI. S. Davis, in a "Eeport on Clinieal and Meteorological Records," 

 communicated to the American Medical Association, an abstract of which 

 we find in the Medical Record, reaches the conclusion that the bowel aff'ec- 

 tions, so characteristic of this temperate climate, begin invariably with 

 the first week of continuous high temperature, and that every subequent 

 occurrence of several days and nights of continuous high temperature causes 

 new attacks to be increased in number throughout the month of July, less in 

 August, and still less in September ; that it is not simply the extreme of heat> 

 but its duration, which determines the number of attacks ; that this contin- 

 uous heat, to be efficient in producing these affections, must follow a 

 protracted season of cold ; and that, if we compare these deductions directly 

 with statistics of mortality, we shall find them to conform in every particu- 

 lar in that the high rate of mortality follows exactly the same line. That 

 fact was regarded as one of great importance in connection with sanitary 

 measures which were to be adopted for the protection of life in infants ; pre- 

 ventive measures must strike with the first week of high temperature. These 

 conclusions were corroborated by quotations from mortality-tables. — Popu- 

 lar Science Monthly. 



