ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCE TEACHING. All 



Question. — Describe the process of common ijainting wood and ironwork. — 

 Woodwork is prepared for painting by brushing over all resinous knots with 

 a thin coating of knotting (a compound of shellac dissolved in naptha), or 

 gold size, to confine the resin, and prevent it running under the paint. The 

 priming is then laid on, any plain color, well worked into the pores of the 

 wood, with and across the grain ; when this is dry, the stopping is done. All 

 nail and brad holes, etc., must be well filled up with putty, and lightly rub- 

 bed over with glass paper. The second and following coats are applied with 

 more care, brushed with the grain, and the work covered equally well everj^- 

 where, showing no tool marks or running edges. If the last coat is to be 

 light, the second and third should be similar in color, and if it is to be finished 

 dark, dark color must be used for the previous coat. Ironwork should be 

 cleared free of all rust, oil, or grease before painting. A good first coat is 

 color made up with red lead; the other coats may be similar to that used 

 for wood. Iron being almost non-absorbent, three coats are sufficient for- 

 new work, unless in very exposed situations, and for the same reason, care 

 must be taken, especially in ornamental work, not to fill up the fine lines of 

 leaf-work, etc., by using too much paint, as the character of the work would 

 thereby be injured. It is not so much a thick coat as a thorough one that 

 is the best protection. 



Question. — In coloring icalls what precautions should he used? — The walls- 

 should be thoroughly dry. In coloring walls the coats should be carefully 

 laid on and smoothly, each coat being rubbed slightly with sand paper before 

 applying the next. The "flatting" or finishing coat should be made a few 

 shades lighter than the jDattern, as it darkens in drying. Japanner's gold 

 size, if used, should be applied quickly, as the turj)entme evaporates quickly, 

 leaving an indelible glossy surface. A certain time should be allowed be- 

 tween the coats, the drying of the same depending upon the quantity of 

 driers used, the weather, and temperature of the apartment. To expedite 

 the work, new walls are generally "distempered" when not dry enough to 

 receive the permanent decorations. Distempering is a kind of painting with 

 color prepared with size or some other glutinous substance. In distempering.,, 

 the walls must be dry and free from damp ; if not, at the completion will 

 be shown all the defects. Two or three coats should be applied, in order tO' 

 obtain an even color, 



ADVANCED CLASS. 



Question. — Explain the theory of coloring. — The accepted theory is that 

 there are certain colors that cannot be produced by any combination of other 

 colors. They are termed primaries, because aU other colors can be obtained 

 by mixing them in certain proportions. The primary colors are red, blue 

 and yellow. Some authorities substitute green for yellow. Secondary col- 

 ors are derived from mixtures of the primary colors in pairs — as violet from 

 red and blue, orange from red and yellow, and green from yellow and blue. 

 Tertiary colors are produced from secondaries — as citron from orange and 

 green, etc. White and black are usually considered neutrals. To secure 



