656 EPHESVS, CYPRUS AND MYCENAE. 



the highest type, and the latter seen only in the most recent deposits. But 

 these fr€vm the lowest part of the Cretaceous are almost identical with those 

 now living and some entirely so. 



ARCHEOLOGY. 



EPHESUS, CYPRUS, AND MYCEN.^.* 



BY BAYARD TAYLOR. 



Side by side with the splendid achievements in physical science which 

 distinguish our generation, must be placed the results of archaeological 

 research. The two forms of labor are not necessarily connected or inde- 

 pendent, yet they have been equally stimulated by a common experience in 

 detecting possibilities of entrance — often slight and inconspicuous posterns, 

 discoverable rather to the eye of faith than to that of knowledge — in bar- 

 riers which once seemed hopelessly closed. It is not so very long since the 

 complete or at least formless ruin of the great cities and edifices of antiquity 

 was a generally-accepted belief: the phrase "not one stone shall be left 

 upon another " was supposed to express & literal fact ; the lost languages 

 were given up as lost ; and the unrecorded histories were never meant to 

 be restored. Now scarcely a year passes without the discovery of some 

 important historical landmark, and every new light of knowledge, illumi- 

 nating the remote past of our race, reveals the dim outlines of a still remoter 

 past behind it. As one ^limbing a long mountain-slope, we see farther 

 backward in proportion as we rise. 



The great age of arch geological discovery began with Layard's excava- 

 tions on the site of j^ineveh, and the researches of Sir Charles Fellowes in 

 Caria and Lycia. Soon afterward M. Mariette, carrying a similar faith and 

 enthusiasm to Egypt, found Memphis, and entered upon that long series of 

 successes which has not yet come to an end. The race of explorers imme- 

 diately begat a race of scholars: new Egyptologists appeared, and enforced 

 their claims to honor and authority; Assyriologists for the first time came 

 into being ; and George Smith found history and religion on the dumb tab- 

 lets exhumed by Layard. His own later researches at Nineveh ; the exca- 

 vations on the Palatine Hill, in Eome ; Mariette's discovery of the statues 

 of the Shepherd kings at Tanis; Schliemann in the Troad and at Mycenas; 

 Wood at Ephesus; Cesnola in Cyprus; and Curtius at Olympia — to say 

 nothing of such minor research as that of the Austrian Government at 



* We give the following extracts from a very interesting article in thelaat North Amtriean Review, upon 

 the labors of Wood at Ephesus, Cesnola in Cypru«, and ScbliomaBn at Mycence, by the distinguished traT- 

 eler and author, Bayard Taylor, in order that our readers may have the benefit of his opinion of the value 

 of the theories put forth by these enthusiastic discoverers ; especially thone of the last two, from whose 

 letters and reports we have quoted se freely within the past year.— [Ed. 



