ROUTES. — The investigations will be conducted principally in the Spurn 

 and Kilnsea area each day. On the Saturday the geologists will examine the 

 Cliffs north of Kilnsea. On the following day all parties will visit Spurn Point itself. 



PERMISSION to visit his property has been kindly granted by Col. W. 

 Lambert White, J. P. 



Hotel Accommodation. — Owing to exceptional circumstances the accommo- 

 dation at Kilnsea and Spurn will be very limited. The headquarters will therefore 

 be at the Quern's Hotel, Withernsea. Terms (bed, breakfast, and dinner), 

 5/- per day. This is a new hotel close to the station. Members should write 

 AT once to the Manageress to book beds. 



Conveyances will take the members to Kilnsea each day at 9-30 and 

 II a.m. Return fare, 1/6. Mr. T. Pygas will meet trains in, and members 

 should ask for him at the station, 



Saturday Evening Meeting. — A meeting will be held .in the large room, 

 (Queen's Hotel (see particulars at bottom of last page). At this, the following 

 papers will be read and discussed: — (i) "The Sea's Encroachment on the East 

 Coast," by R. G. Allanson-Winn, M.I.C.E.I. (Dublin); (2) "A few Notes on 

 Spurn Point," by Mr. A. E. Butterfield ; (3) "The Real Ravenser," by Mr. T. 

 Blashill, F.R.I.B.A. ; (4) " Roman Remains at Kilnsea," by T. Sheppard, F.G.S. 



LOW TIDES. — At 2 p.m. Saturday, 2-40 p.m. Sunday, 3-30 p.m. Monday. 



BIRD PROTECTION.— It is satisfactory to know that the Spurn "district 

 is an absolutely protected area, within which no birds may be shot nor any nests or 

 eggs taken. 



GEOLOGY. — The Geological Section will be officially represented by Messrs. 

 J. W. Stather, F.G.S., and A. Stather. 



Of this neighbourhood Mr. Alfred Marker, writes: — 

 Excepting certain superficial deposits Holderness is built entirely of glacial 

 accumulations. At the beginning of the Great Ice Age the district was a broad bay, 

 the coast-line corresponding roughly with the eastern boundary of the chalk as now 

 exposed. The great Norwegian ice-sheet advanced across the North Sea until it 

 reached the cliffs of V'orkshire, which it over-rode only to a slight extent. It 

 dammed back, however, the British ice which was thus diverted in a southerly 

 direction. The main branch of this native ice was the great Teesdale glacier, 

 which headed probably in the Lake District of Cumberland. The higher part of 

 the chalk wolds Was never covered by ice. The coast-line of Yorkshire, and 

 especially the Bay of Holderness, was the battle field of the two opposing ice- 

 streams, and in the mingled terminal moraines, which form the Basement Boulder 

 Clay, we find boulders of the gneisses, crystalline schists, and peculiar igneous rocks 

 of Norway side by side with the local chalk and Jurassic rocks, the Carboniferous 

 strata and Whin Sill of Teesdale, and stray specimens from the Cumberland Hills 

 and the Eden Valley. This basement clay is seen at Dimlington. There and else- 

 where shell-bearing patches have been exposed, representing portions of the sea 

 bottom ploughed up by the front of the Norwegian ice-sheet. The next stage in 

 the history was a partial recession of the ice, so that in certain tracts stratified silt, 

 sand, and gravel were irregularly laid down, while elsewhere boulder-clay (the 

 "Purple Clay") continued to form. This intermediate series is followed in the 

 Holderness sections by the Upper Boulder Clay (including the reddish " Hessle 

 Clay"). The preponderance of Yorkshire rocks among the boulders is greater than 

 in the Basement Clay. 



BOTANY. — The Botanical Section will be officially represented by the 

 President, Mr. J. Farrah, F.L.S., and Mr. J. F. Robinson. Dr. W. G. Smith will 

 represent the Botanical Survey Committee. 



Flowering Plants. — Mr. J- F. Robinson writes : — The known flora of Spurn 

 and Kilnsea with their sea and estuarine coasts, contains, amongst many others, 

 the following, all of which have been recorded in "The Flora of the East Riding 

 of Yorkshire." Caklle maiitima, JErodium moschatum, T. scabriuu, Vicia 

 latkyjoides, Rosa rubiginosa, Eryngiian maritimu7ii, Apium giaveoleiis, Artemisia 

 maritima, Blackstoiiia ( Chlora) perfoliata. Volvulus Soldaiiella, Ciiscuta epithy- 

 iniun, AUiplex porliilacoides, Salicoinia herbacea, Snacda maiitima (the last three 



