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SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XIV. No. 343. 



ment, it is said, might be advanced for 

 free clothing or board or books. To my 

 mind this does not follow at all, but if any 

 man will demonstrate that they should be 

 furnished in any stage of education, it 

 would be easy to prove that they should be 

 furnished in every stage thereof and in 

 every useful form. 



It is questionable whether, in view of the 

 superb training at Harvard, Massachusetts 

 is bound to found a free university, but in 

 my opinion she is bound to give her citizens 

 that desire it and are prepared to receive it 

 free instruction in some accessible uni- 

 versity of high rank. Whether free tuition 

 should be extended by one State to citizens 

 of another is a question that I will not now 

 discuss. Those who, like the writer, exalt 

 the Nation above the State will favor it. 



In closing this division of my subject let 

 me say with emphasis that free tuition in 

 any department without high standards of 

 admission and of graduation is akin to 

 crime. 



d. Every inch a university. 



There is danger that through eagerness 

 to take in new territory, to swell enroll- 

 ments, and to provide instruction for special 

 classes, some of our universities may forget 

 that to deserve richly their titles is the 

 highest obligation they owe to the people. 

 Policies of expansion and adaptation are 

 sometimes commendable and occasionally 

 are forced upon us by circumstances, but 

 they take money and subtract from the 

 energy due to higher teaching. Never 

 should they be allowed for a moment to ob- 

 scure the main purpose, which is to be from 

 circumference to center a great university. 

 Particularly objectionable is the tendency 

 too often exhibited to swell enrollments by 

 adding professional schools in the nearest 

 metropolis. These morganatic unions rarely 

 bear good fruit. A university is much 

 more than a college or an aggregation of 

 them. Its great work is graduate and pro- 



fessional studies based upon an academic 

 degree. To attain this end is far harder 

 when the work is not concentrated on one 

 campus. 



II. The university without should care 

 for the State and should serve as a buttress 

 to a National University. 



It has been preached strenuously that 

 the State should care for its university but 

 scarcely has the idea been broached that 

 the university should care for the State. 

 It is possible to do this in a variety of ways, 

 in material, in social, in political and in 

 spiritual things. The possibilities in spir- 

 itual things have been discussed in the 

 second paragraph of this paper. What can 

 a great seat of learning do for the public 

 good in other directions ? 



a. Through the College of Agriculture, or 

 in conjunction with it and other public 

 agencies, it should look after the material 

 welfare of the people. 



The loftiest learning should not scorn to 

 help men in their material interests. If in 

 its laboratories a dietary can be discovered 

 whereby the fattening of swine is made 

 cheaper to swineherds, the university 

 should promulgate that dietary. The Bab- 

 cock Milk Test, discovered at the University 

 of Wisconsin, has been a blessing to dairy- 

 men in all the world, and almost as bene- 

 ficial to another class of husbandmen has 

 been the discovery in the University of 

 Missouri of a method of inoculating cattle 

 against Texas fever, whereby the mortality 

 in blooded animals carried south has been 

 reduced from ninety to less than eight per 

 cent. Our colleges of agriculture have 

 devised better dietaries for domestic ani- 

 mals than the wit of medicine has yet in- 

 vented for growing children. 



Expeditions have been sent out by our 

 universities to measure accurately remote 

 water power and to survey routes for trans- 

 mitting it electrically to railway stations ; 

 to measure beds of coal and test their ther- 



