SCIENCE 



A WEEKLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, PUBLISHING THE 



OFFICIAL NOTICES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION 



FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. 



Editorial Committee : S. Newcomb, Mathematics ; R. S. Woodward, Mechanics ; E. C. Pickering, 

 Astronomy ; T. C- Mendenhall, Physics ; R. H. Thurston, Engineering ; Ira Remsen, Chemistry ; 

 Charles D. Walcott, Geology ; W. M. Davis, Physiography ; Henry F. Osborn, Paleon- 

 tology ; W. K. Brooks, C. Hart Merriam, Zoology ; S. H. Scudder, Entomology ; C. E. 

 Bessey, N. L. Britton, Botany ; C. S. Minot, Embryology, Histology ; H. P. Bow- 

 ditch, Physiology; J. S. Billings, Hygiene; William H. Welch, Pathol- 

 ogy ; J. McKeen Cattell, Psychology ; J. W. Powell, Anthropology. 



Friday, August 9, 1901. 



CONTI^NTS : 



The Origin of the Mammals: Professor J. S. 

 Kingsley 193 



The Eelaiion of Physical Geography to other Science 

 Subjects : Professor William Harmon Nor- 

 ton 205 



Professor Fraas on the Aqueous vs. ^-Eolian Deposi- 

 tion of the White River Oligocene of S. Dakota.... 210 



Charles Anthony Schott : Isaac Winston 212 



George E. Lawton : Dr. T. J. J. See 215 



Scientific Books : — 

 Astronomische Jahresbericht : Professor Geo. 

 C. COMSTOCK. Thomas on Les plantes tindori- 

 ales: Professor Marston Taylor Bogert. 

 Hoivard on Mosquitoes : Professor A. S. Pack- 

 ard 216 



Societies and Academies : — 



The American Chemical Society 219 



Discussion and Correspondence : — 



Pseudoscopic Vision : Professor W. Le Conte 

 Stevens 220 



Shorter Articles: — 

 Adaptation in Vision: Professor Edward L. 

 Thorndike. The Injury of Fungicides in Peach 

 Foliage: Samuel L. Bain 221 



Current Notes on Physiography : — 



The Northern Adirondacks ; Slate Mountains of 

 the Middle Rhine ; Physiography of Acadia ; Pre- 

 glacial Drainage of Ohio; Schleswig-Holstein : 



Professor W. M. Davis 222 



Jesse William Lazear Memorial 225 



The American Library Association 225 



Mr. Chamberlain on the Functions of a University.. 226 



Professor Starr^s Recent Work in 3Iexico 227 



Scientific Notes and Neivs 227 



University and Educational News 232 



MSS. intended for publication and books, etc., intended 

 for review should be sent to the responsible editor, Pro- 

 fessor J. McKeen Cattell, Ga.rrison-on-Hudson, N. Y. 



THE ORIGIN OF THE MA3IMALS. 

 Speculations as to the origin of the 

 various existing groups of animals and 

 plants are always dangerous, and yet they 

 have for many a certain fascination. They 

 partake, somewhat, of the nature of an 

 algebraic problem in that there are un- 

 known quantities to be discovered, but they 

 differ from any such soluble problem in 

 that we have not equations enough to allow 

 us accurately to ascertain the values of 

 ic, ^, z and the like. Here is a chance for 

 the play of the imagination and a chance 

 for close guessing at the values of some of 

 the unknown elements. Different students 

 have assigned different values to them, and 

 hence the varying character of the answers 

 we have had given to us. Eecall the dif- 

 ferent forms which we have been asked to 

 consider as ancestral to the vertebrates — 

 ccelenterates, nemertines, annelids,P/ioro?iis, 

 Crustacea, arachnids, tunicates, Balanoglos- 

 sus ! Certainly there has been some error 

 in the assignment of values to the unknown 

 to produce such discordant results as these. 

 Yet these speculations have a certain 

 value ; they call attention to problems, 

 they suggest lines of research, they are ex- 

 ercises of the logical powers. One of these 

 genealogical problems is that which deals 

 with the origin of the mammals. It has been 

 twice 'settled,' and yet there is some new 

 evidence, and there are new points of view. 



