700 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XIV. No. 357. 



fusion. At the suggestion of Professor Osborn, 

 Mr. J. W. Gidley, of the American Museum, has 

 undertaken a complete revision of all the types. 

 It is found that the chief characters used in 

 definition by Owen, Leidy and Cope are largely 

 invalid. The teeth patterns only subject to 

 a wide range of individual variability, and 

 it is an absolute law that the upper portion 

 of the crown is not only more complex, but dif- 

 fers absolutely in proportion from the lower por- 

 tion ; the molar teeth of a young horse thus pre- 

 sent essentially different characters from those 

 of an Old horse, and ignorance of this fact has 

 vitiated most of the previous definitions. This 

 very careful revision results in the apparent de- 

 termination of the valid species as follows : Equus 

 fraternus, a small horse from the southeast- 

 ern States ; E. complicatus, about the size of 

 an ordinary draught horse, from the southern 

 and middle western States ; E. occidentalis from 

 California, of the same size as the above ; E. pa- 

 cificus, a very large animal characteristic of mid- 

 dle California and Oregon ; E. conversidens from 

 the Valley of Mexico and E. tau the smallest 

 true horse, also from the Valley of Mexico ; E. 

 semipUcatus from western Texas, closely re- 

 sembling E. asinus; E. pectinatus from the Port 

 Kennedy bone cave of eastern Pennsylvania . 

 E. scotti from the Staked Plains of Texas. The 

 latter is a long-faced type of horse about the 

 size of the largest western pony, but with a 

 longer body, a much larger head, a shorter 

 neck and back and steeply sloping sides, shaped 

 very much as in the ass or quagga. The type 

 of this species is now mounted in the American 

 Museum of Natural History (see Fig. 1). It is 

 the first complete skeleton of a Pleistocene 

 horse discovered in Amei'ica. It was found in 

 association with four other skeletons, remark- 

 ably well preserved. The largest species of 

 horse herein recorded is E. giganteus Gidley; 

 sp. nov., the teeth exceeding by more than one 

 third the diameter of those of the largest draught 

 horses. H. F. O. 



THE BICENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION OF 

 YALE UNIVERSITY. 



The imposing exercises celebrating the two 

 hundredth anniversary of the foundation of 

 Yale College took place last week in accordance 



with the program already published in this 

 Journal. As President Northrop pointed out 

 in his address, one hundred and five graduates 

 of Yale have been president of a college ; 

 and eighty-five different colleges have at 

 some time had a Yale graduate for president. 

 Yale furnished the first president of at least 

 eighteen colleges — Princeton, Columbia, Dart- 

 mouth, Georgia, Williams, Hamilton, Kenyon, 

 Illinois, Wabash, Missouri, Wisconsin, Beloit, 

 Chicago, California, Cornell, Western Reserve 

 and Johns Hopkins. One of the most inter- 

 esting addresses, given by Dr. Daniel C. Gil- 

 man, of the class of '52 and for twenty-five 

 years president of the Johns Hopkins Univer- 

 sity, is published above. 



The doctorate of laws was conferred on Presi- 

 dent Roosevelt and forty-six others, including 

 the following men of science and college presi- 

 dents : 



John Harvard Biles, Professor of Naval Architec- 

 ture in Glasgow University. 



John Shaw Billings, Director of the New York 

 Public Library. 



Charles William Dabney, President of the Univer- 

 sity of Tennesee. 



David White Finlay, Professor of the Practice of 

 Medicine in Aberdeen University. 



Jacques Hadamard, Adjunct Professor in the Fac- 

 ulty of Science at the University of Paris. 



Samuel Pierpont Langley, Secretary of the Smith- 

 sonian Institution. 



Albert Abraham Michelson, Professor of Physics in 

 the University of Chicago. 



William Osier, Professor of Medicine in Johns 

 Hopkins Medical School. 



Henry Smith Pritchett, President of the Massachu- 

 setts Institute of Technology. 



Ira Eemsen, President of Johns Hopkins Univer- 

 sity. 



Ogden Nicholas Rood, Professor of Physics in Co- 

 lumbia University. 



Wilhehn Waldeyer, Professor of Anatomy in the 

 University of Berlin. 



James Burrill Angell, President of the University 

 of Michigan. 



William Peterson, Principal of McGill University. 



Seth Low, ex-President of Columbia University. 



Jacob Gould Schurman, President of Cornell Uni- 

 versity. 



Franklin Carter, ex-President of Williams College. 



William Rainey Harper, President of the Univer- 

 sity of Chicago. 



