November 22, 1901.] 



SCIENCE. 



797 



mountains the copper veins are marked by 

 belts of limestone more or less charged with 

 garnet up to fifty or more feet in breadth. 



In the region in question during the up- 

 heaval of the mountains, we find that where 

 the strains were relieved by faulting and 

 the uptilting of monoclinal blocks, the lime- 

 stones retain their fossils and original amor- 

 phous condition. But where anticlines 

 were formed there was much lateral (hori- 

 zontal) pressure, the limestones are re-crys- 

 tallized to a semi-marble, and the fossils 

 are obliterated. This may be termed re- 

 gional metamorphism. The same sort of 

 recrystallization has taken place in the 

 lime rock along the copper-bearing veins, 

 and we may term it vein metamorphism. 



' The Minerals and Mineral Localities of 

 Texas ' : Frederic W. Simonds. 



There has been, so far as the author is 

 aware, no attempt to list in a complete 

 form the mineral species occurring in Texas. 

 In the ' Mineral Resources of the United 

 States,' for 1882 (Washington, 1883), Pro- 

 fessor John C. Smock, of the Geological 

 Survey of New Jersey, who was charged 

 with the preparation of the material illus- 

 trative of the ' Eastern Division,' published 

 two tables for the purpose of showing the 

 mineral resources of Texas. The first in- 

 cluded '■ Ores, Minerals and Mineral Sub- 

 stances of industrial importance and known 

 occurrence, which are at present mined ' ; 

 and the second, * Ores, Minerals and Min- 

 eral Substances of industrial importance 

 and known occurrence, but which at present 

 are^not mined.' Of the former, eight are 

 mentioned ; of the latter, 32. In the 

 * Mineral Resources ' for 1887 (Washing- 

 ton, 1888), the same tables, with slight 

 modification, mainly in the matter of ad- 

 ditional localities, are repeated. In the 

 First Annual Report of the Geological Sur- 

 vey of Texas (Austin, 1890), Mr. W. von 

 Streeruwitz published a list of minerals, 63 

 in number, observed in the Trans Pecos 



region, but the details of occurrence and 

 localities were, unfortunately, not given 

 (pp. 225-226). In the same volume. Dr. 

 Theo. B. Conistock records 111 minerals 

 collected in the ' Central Mineral Region ' 

 — the Llano country. This ' includes only 

 those which occur as crystals or in special 

 or rare situations,' and is regarded by him 

 not as complete, but as affording a ' pre- 

 liminary list of localities' (pp. 379-391). 

 A list of those minerals and rocks of Trans 

 Pecos Texas which, up to this time, could 

 be classified by their appearance, blow-pipe 

 tests and laboratory work, constitutes Chap- 

 ter ly. of a ' Report on the Geology and 

 Mineral Resources of Trans Pecos Texas,' 

 by W. H. von Streeruwitz (Second Annual 

 Report of the Geological Survey of Texas, 

 pp. 710-713, 1890). It is, as the writer 

 states, "far from being complete, but it 

 comprises a number of the more important 

 and valuable minerals, building stones and 

 ores of west Texas, giving the localities 

 where they were found." Unfortunately, 

 the State does not possess a collection con- 

 taining all minerals which I have thus far 

 been able to list; and, as a consequence, 

 the information concerning this occurrence 

 has been derived from many sources, viz. : 

 from a careful examination of the various 

 reports relating to the geology of the State 

 and its resources, keeping in mind at all 

 times the value, as far as it could be esti- 

 mated, of the observer as an authority. On 

 the same basis, the various scientific jour- 

 nals have been gone over, and the * trans- 

 actions ' of the different learned societies. 

 Thus far, I have recorded as occurring in 

 Texas one hundred and fifty minerals, va- 

 rieties, and mineral substances, exclusive of 

 rocks, of which eight are at present of eco- 

 nomic importance, viz. : petroleum, coal, 

 lignite, limonite, salt, gold and silver. Of 

 localities the number has, even within 

 the last few months, been enormously in- 

 creased. 



