Decembee 20, 1901.] 



SCIENCE. 



983 



viceable on the recent appearance of plague in 

 Liverpool. iSTow he intends to commence his 

 attack on malaria at Cape Coast Castle, where 

 there is great mortality among Europeans. 

 Under Major Ross he will have the general 

 direction of operations for improving the 

 drainage and general sanitary conditions of 

 Cape Coast Castle, clearing away the stagnant 

 pools which are breeding-places for the Anoph- 

 eles mosquito. Though Dr. Balfour Stewart 

 has been engaged for a year by the Liverpool 

 School of Tropical Medicine, he will, it is ex- 

 pected, remain on the West Coast while his help 

 is needed to place the sanitary conditions of the 

 colony on a satisfactory basis. He also contem- 

 plates operations in the mining districts, but 

 will be guided by the advice of the Governor of 

 the Gold Coast. Thus the sanitary crusade 

 against malaria will shortly be in operation on 

 the whole coast from the Gambia to Lagos. 



Mr. a. Montefiore Price writes to the 

 London Times as follows : " Now that the more 

 serious work of the British Association is over 

 it may perhaps interest your readers if I draw 

 attention to some curious examples of science 

 adapted to heraldry. I derive them from the 

 banners and bannerets which have been hang- 

 ing up in the reception room of the British As- 

 sociation at Glasgow during the past week. 

 The banner, for example, of Sir William Hug- 

 gins, who was president at the Cardiff meeting, 

 1891, shows the solar spectrum for a crest and 

 the constellation of Orion for a coat of arms. 

 That of Sir William Crookes presents a radi- 

 ometer and three prisms, together with the 

 quaint motto ' Ubi crux ibi lux.' Herschel 

 was president of the meeting at Cambridge so 

 long ago as 1845, and on his arms there appro- 

 priately appear the sun in the chief and a tele- 

 scope in the base. Sir William Turner, who 

 presided last year at Bradford, bears as a charge 

 a wheel ; Siemens blazons what is aparently a 

 beetroot — he was interested, I believe, in sugar 

 produced from that source, and Sir Roderick 

 Murchison, who was president at Southampton 

 so long ago as 1848, a pecten shell — suitably 

 enough for so a great geologist. Sir William 

 Flower's banner shows a coat bearing a cinque- 

 foil and the punning motto ' Etfloreset fruches.' 

 Lord Lister (Liverpool, 1895) blazons the staff 



and serpent or ^sculapius ; Dawson, who pre- 

 sided at Birmingham in 1886, has three daws 

 on his coat ; and Sir George Airy (Ipswich, 

 1851), Sir Henry Roscoe (Manchester), and Sir 

 Michael Foster (Dover) display the arms of 

 those towns and presumably did not possess 

 personal arms." 



We learn from the London Times that the 

 business and finance committee of the general 

 council of Edinburgh University has prepared a 

 report on the subject of the Carnegie Trust. 

 It says that chairs in the University founded 

 long ago embrace nominally many subjects 

 which, if they are to be followed beyond their 

 elementary stages cannot profitably be now 

 taught by one man. It may be possible for a 

 professor to give systematic instruction over 

 the whole subject to ordinary students, but for 

 the purpose of higher study and research by 

 the professor and the advanced students there 

 is now great urgency, if not for splitting up the 

 subject, at least for the creation of junior asso- 

 ciate professorships to relieve the pi-essure and 

 to enable more personal practical instruction to 

 be given to the students. Any such professor- 

 ships instituted by the Carnegie Trust might,- 

 therefore, with great advantage be attached to 

 the four universities in common, subject to some 

 new arrangement. Many benefits, besides the 

 obvious one of economy, would accrue from 

 the introduction of community and reciprocity 

 as working ideas into Scottish university life. 

 One of the foremost claims upon the trustees 

 will be to strengthen the modern language de- 

 partments in each of the universities. Travel- 

 ing scholarships would be a great incentive and 

 benefit to students. Research in medicine and 

 science demands a large portion of the imme- 

 diately available income i:i the hands of the 

 Carnegie trustees. What have been required 

 for long are special research laboratories in 

 which higher students would in the first instance 

 be trained in the methods and apparatus of 

 research. Mr. Carnegie's position as a founder 

 of libraries is a guarantee that the University 

 libraries will receive adequate consideration at 

 the hands of the trustees. With regard to the 

 paymentof University class fees the report says 

 that the scheme should give a great impetus to 

 education throughout the country. Some such 



